Sir Thomas Pelham, 1st Baronet (died 2 December 1624) was an English politician. He was the youngest son of Sir Nicholas Pelham of Laughton, East Sussex and his wife Anne Sackville, who was through her mother a first cousin of Anne Boleyn. He was educated at Lewes Grammar School (1557), Queens' College, Cambridge (1561) and studied law at the Inns of Court (1566). He succeeded his nephew Oliver Pelham as the owner of Laughton in 1585.