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In the theoretical works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and subsequent Marxist writers, socialization (or the socialization of production) is the process of transforming the act of producing and distributing goods and services from a solitary to a social relationship and collective endeavor. With the development of capitalism, production becomes centralized in firms and increasingly mechanized in contrast to the pre-capitalist modes of production where the act of production was a largely solitary act performed by individuals. Socialization occurs due to centralization of capital in industries where there are increasing returns to scale and a deepening of the division of labor and the specialization in skills necessary for increasingly complex forms of production and value creation. Prog

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  • Socialization (Marxism) (en)
  • 生产社会化 (zh)
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  • 在卡尔·马克思和弗里德里希·恩格斯以及后来的一些马克思主义學者的理论著作中，生产社会化是指商品的生产和銷售从個人的行为转变为社会和集体的行為的过程。在资本主义出現之前，基本上商品生產僅需个人就能獨自完成。随着资本主义的发展，商品生产開始集中在企业，并且商品生產過程越来越机械化。生产社会化的產生原因是由于资本在相關产业日益集中，資本投資回报率不断提高，劳动分工不断深化以及日益复杂的生产形式和生產技術专业化。 马克思在政治经济学批判中指出，随着资本主义的发展，生產社会化与剩余价值之间出现矛盾。古典马克思主义者认为，这种矛盾激化到一定程度，就必须通過生产资料社会所有制的形式实现剩余价值的社会化，从而实现资本主义向社会主义过渡。 (zh)
  • In the theoretical works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and subsequent Marxist writers, socialization (or the socialization of production) is the process of transforming the act of producing and distributing goods and services from a solitary to a social relationship and collective endeavor. With the development of capitalism, production becomes centralized in firms and increasingly mechanized in contrast to the pre-capitalist modes of production where the act of production was a largely solitary act performed by individuals. Socialization occurs due to centralization of capital in industries where there are increasing returns to scale and a deepening of the division of labor and the specialization in skills necessary for increasingly complex forms of production and value creation. Prog (en)
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  • In the theoretical works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and subsequent Marxist writers, socialization (or the socialization of production) is the process of transforming the act of producing and distributing goods and services from a solitary to a social relationship and collective endeavor. With the development of capitalism, production becomes centralized in firms and increasingly mechanized in contrast to the pre-capitalist modes of production where the act of production was a largely solitary act performed by individuals. Socialization occurs due to centralization of capital in industries where there are increasing returns to scale and a deepening of the division of labor and the specialization in skills necessary for increasingly complex forms of production and value creation. Progressive socialization of the forces of production under capitalism eventually comes into conflict with the persistence of relations of production based on private property; this contradiction between socialized production and private appropriation of the social product forms the impetus for the socialization of property relations (socialism). In Marx's critique of political economy, as capitalism develops a contradiction emerges between the increasingly socialized act of production and the private ownership and appropriation of surplus value. Classical Marxist theory posits that this contradiction will intensify to a point where socialization of surplus value appropriation in the form of social ownership of the means of production will be necessitated, resulting in a transition from capitalism to socialism. (en)
  • 在卡尔·马克思和弗里德里希·恩格斯以及后来的一些马克思主义學者的理论著作中，生产社会化是指商品的生产和銷售从個人的行为转变为社会和集体的行為的过程。在资本主义出現之前，基本上商品生產僅需个人就能獨自完成。随着资本主义的发展，商品生产開始集中在企业，并且商品生產過程越来越机械化。生产社会化的產生原因是由于资本在相關产业日益集中，資本投資回报率不断提高，劳动分工不断深化以及日益复杂的生产形式和生產技術专业化。 马克思在政治经济学批判中指出，随着资本主义的发展，生產社会化与剩余价值之间出现矛盾。古典马克思主义者认为，这种矛盾激化到一定程度，就必须通過生产资料社会所有制的形式实现剩余价值的社会化，从而实现资本主义向社会主义过渡。 (zh)
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