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The Japanese word Sorei (祖霊, lit. "Founder/Ancestor/Antecedent Spirit") refers to the spirits of ancestors: Specifically it refers to the spirits of those ancestors that have been the target of special memorial services that have been held for them at certain fixed times after their death. The dates and the frequencies of these services vary widely depending on the region of Japan. Suitable occasions may for example be 33 and 50 years after death.

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  • 祖霊 (ja)
  • Sorei (en)
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  • 祖霊(それい)とは、先祖(家族または親族の祖先)の霊魂である。英語(事実上の現代国際共通語)では "ancestor spirits (日本語音写例:アンセスター スピリッツ)" などという。この概念の下では、係る霊魂に正邪・善悪の区別は無く、子孫を祟る祖霊も、子孫をこそ祟る祖霊も、過ちを犯した子孫に制裁を加える祖霊(例:サン人)も、広く世界には珍しくない。 しかしこれとは別に、古来日本で「ミオヤノタマ」「ミオヤノミタマ」[構成|日本語古語:御祖ミオヤ + …の + 霊タマ(御霊ミタマ)]と呼びならわしてきた祖霊の概念では、子孫に害悪をもたらす祖霊はあり得ず、先祖の霊魂のうち、守護神的属性を帯びていると見なされるもののみを指す。古来中国の概念も日本のものに近い。 祖霊という概念が成立している社会において、その概念は、災禍をもたらす懲罰的なものと、恩恵ある守護的なものに大別でき、アフリカ諸社会の祖霊は前者の、東アジア諸社会の祖霊は後者の傾向が強い。 現代の創作作品の多くで、先祖の霊に祟られる物語や世界観が見られるが、上述した広義の祖霊の概念の反映と考えられ、少なくとも東アジア古来の概念とは異なる。翻って言えば、このような害悪をもたらす祖霊を指す語として、日本語「祖霊(それい)」は(広義と捉えることで)問題無いとしても、「みおやのたま/みおやのみたま(祖霊)」を当てるのを適切とは言い難い。 (ja)
  • The Japanese word Sorei (祖霊, lit. "Founder/Ancestor/Antecedent Spirit") refers to the spirits of ancestors: Specifically it refers to the spirits of those ancestors that have been the target of special memorial services that have been held for them at certain fixed times after their death. The dates and the frequencies of these services vary widely depending on the region of Japan. Suitable occasions may for example be 33 and 50 years after death. (en)
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  • The Japanese word Sorei (祖霊, lit. "Founder/Ancestor/Antecedent Spirit") refers to the spirits of ancestors: Specifically it refers to the spirits of those ancestors that have been the target of special memorial services that have been held for them at certain fixed times after their death. The dates and the frequencies of these services vary widely depending on the region of Japan. Suitable occasions may for example be 33 and 50 years after death. A special belief connected with sorei is the notion that the memorial services result in the ancestral spirit successively losing its individuality, eventually becoming an entirely deindividualized part of the collective of sorei. However, depending on the region people may think that these services are merely aimed at properly disposing or pacifying the ancestral spirit. The folklorist Yanagita Kunio has asserted that the rituals and ideas around sorei could be fitted into a general scheme whereby ancestors become not only protectors, but kami or ujigami. However, while it is possible that in the distant past such a development with regard to certain ancestors has occurred, according to other scholars that cannot be proven. Contemporary Japanese may, in relation to their recently dead, not think about the ancient notion of ujigami at all, but they do have a notion about the spirits of the dead becoming some sort of enlightened being. Indeed, another word for the departed soul isin Japanese hotoke, which also means Buddha. (en)
  • 祖霊(それい)とは、先祖(家族または親族の祖先)の霊魂である。英語(事実上の現代国際共通語)では "ancestor spirits (日本語音写例:アンセスター スピリッツ)" などという。この概念の下では、係る霊魂に正邪・善悪の区別は無く、子孫を祟る祖霊も、子孫をこそ祟る祖霊も、過ちを犯した子孫に制裁を加える祖霊(例:サン人)も、広く世界には珍しくない。 しかしこれとは別に、古来日本で「ミオヤノタマ」「ミオヤノミタマ」[構成|日本語古語:御祖ミオヤ + …の + 霊タマ(御霊ミタマ)]と呼びならわしてきた祖霊の概念では、子孫に害悪をもたらす祖霊はあり得ず、先祖の霊魂のうち、守護神的属性を帯びていると見なされるもののみを指す。古来中国の概念も日本のものに近い。 祖霊という概念が成立している社会において、その概念は、災禍をもたらす懲罰的なものと、恩恵ある守護的なものに大別でき、アフリカ諸社会の祖霊は前者の、東アジア諸社会の祖霊は後者の傾向が強い。 現代の創作作品の多くで、先祖の霊に祟られる物語や世界観が見られるが、上述した広義の祖霊の概念の反映と考えられ、少なくとも東アジア古来の概念とは異なる。翻って言えば、このような害悪をもたらす祖霊を指す語として、日本語「祖霊(それい)」は(広義と捉えることで)問題無いとしても、「みおやのたま/みおやのみたま(祖霊)」を当てるのを適切とは言い難い。 (ja)
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