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Speculative reason, sometimes called theoretical reason or pure reason, is theoretical (or logical, deductive) thought, as opposed to practical (active, willing) thought. The distinction between the two goes at least as far back as the ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, who distinguished between theory (theoria, or a wide, bird's eye view of a topic, or clear vision of its structure) and practice (praxis), as well as techne.

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  • Spekulace (cs)
  • Razón especulativa (es)
  • 순수 이성 (ko)
  • Speculative reason (en)
  • Умозрение (ru)
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  • Spekulace (latinsky speculatio = „zkoumání“, „pátrání“) je filosofická myšlenková metoda spočívající ve formulaci teorií či poznatků tam, kde je není možno ověřovat smyslovým poznáváním. V přeneseném smyslu se slovo používá jako označení pro tvrzení, která nejsou podložena zkušeností, často v pejorativním smyslu. (cs)
  • 순수 이성(純粹理性, pure reason)은 칸트 철학 용어의 하나이다. 사물을 올바르게 알(인식할) 경우의 인간의 능력. 칸트는 우리의 경험이라든가 올바른 지식(인식)은 외부에서 우리의 감각기관에 주어지는 모든 자극을 우리의 능력(인식능력)이 정리하고 질서있게 함으로써 이루어진다고 했다. 그러나 칸트는 여러 가지 뜻에서 순수이성이란 말을 쓰고 있다. ① 방금 서술한 인식능력(이론이성). ② 본능·욕망에 사로잡히지 않고 도덕법칙을 정하는 순수이성(순수실천이성)과 인식하는 이론이성을 합친 순수이성. ③ 이론이성(직관하는 힘―감성, 생각하는 힘―오성(悟性), 생각된 것을 소수의 원리로 통일해 나아가는 힘―이성) 가운데에서 오성과 이성을 가리킬 경우. ④ 가장 좁은 뜻에서의 모든 지(知)를 소수 원리로 정리해 나아가는 힘으로서의 이성(理性). (ko)
  • Razón especulativa, a veces llamado razón teórica o razón pura, es pensamiento teórico (o lógica al, deductivo), en oposición al pensamiento práctico (activo, dispuesto). La distinción entre los dos se remonta al menos hasta los filósofos griegos antiguos, como Platón y Aristóteles, quienes distinguieron entre teoría ( theoria, o una amplia, vista de pájaro de un tema, o visión clara de su estructura) y práctica ( praxis ), así como . (es)
  • Speculative reason, sometimes called theoretical reason or pure reason, is theoretical (or logical, deductive) thought, as opposed to practical (active, willing) thought. The distinction between the two goes at least as far back as the ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, who distinguished between theory (theoria, or a wide, bird's eye view of a topic, or clear vision of its structure) and practice (praxis), as well as techne. (en)
  • Умозре́ние (лат. speculatio) — 1) деятельность мышления, вращающаяся в сфере предметов или событий, не данных на опыте, но лишь предполагаемых; 2) мышление, содержание которого — только мыслимое или сверхчувственное. Умозрение специфично для философского размышления, как способ познания истины с построением логических связей, отвлечённых от научных фактов и экспериментов, вплоть до приобретения умозрительными рассуждениями ненаучного характера. (ru)
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  • Spekulace (latinsky speculatio = „zkoumání“, „pátrání“) je filosofická myšlenková metoda spočívající ve formulaci teorií či poznatků tam, kde je není možno ověřovat smyslovým poznáváním. V přeneseném smyslu se slovo používá jako označení pro tvrzení, která nejsou podložena zkušeností, často v pejorativním smyslu. (cs)
  • Razón especulativa, a veces llamado razón teórica o razón pura, es pensamiento teórico (o lógica al, deductivo), en oposición al pensamiento práctico (activo, dispuesto). La distinción entre los dos se remonta al menos hasta los filósofos griegos antiguos, como Platón y Aristóteles, quienes distinguieron entre teoría ( theoria, o una amplia, vista de pájaro de un tema, o visión clara de su estructura) y práctica ( praxis ), así como . La razón especulativa es contemplativa, desapegada y segura, mientras que la está comprometida, involucrada, activa y dependiente de los detalles de la situación. La razón especulativa proporciona los principios universales y necesarios de la lógica, como el principio de , que debe aplicarse en todas partes, independientemente de las particularidades de la situación. Por otro lado, es el poder de la mente comprometida en decidir qué hacer. También se le conoce como , porque involucra acción, decisión y detalles. Aunque muchos otros pensadores han erigido sistemas basados en la distinción, dos importantes pensadores posteriores que lo han hecho son Tomás de Aquino (que sigue a Aristóteles en muchos aspectos) e Immanuel Kant.​​ (es)
  • Speculative reason, sometimes called theoretical reason or pure reason, is theoretical (or logical, deductive) thought, as opposed to practical (active, willing) thought. The distinction between the two goes at least as far back as the ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, who distinguished between theory (theoria, or a wide, bird's eye view of a topic, or clear vision of its structure) and practice (praxis), as well as techne. Speculative reason is contemplative, detached, and certain, whereas practical reason is engaged, involved, active, and dependent upon the specifics of the situation. Speculative reason provides the universal, necessary principles of logic, such as the principle of non-contradiction, which must apply everywhere, regardless of the specifics of the situation. On the other hand, practical reason is the use of reason to decide how to act. It contrasts with theoretical reason or speculative reason. Some may try and refer to practical reasoning as moral reason but this kind of reasoning actually falls in line more so with theoretical reasoning as it's a contrast of practical reason. This has little to do with what's practical as practicality involves specific action, decision, and particulars which all have a logical undertone without bias toward an ideology. Moral reason finds itself being more malleable in its spectrum of reasoning and had the possibility of being skewed by faith and belief. This will lead to discrepancies in practicality given the nature of morals being a culture specific outlook, and will reduce the practicality in an outcome as each individual has a separate point of view and can change the outcome of moral reasoning. Yet there are philosophers who have erected systems based on this distinction. Two philosophers who have done so are Thomas Aquinas (who follows Aristotle in many respects) and Immanuel Kant. (en)
  • 순수 이성(純粹理性, pure reason)은 칸트 철학 용어의 하나이다. 사물을 올바르게 알(인식할) 경우의 인간의 능력. 칸트는 우리의 경험이라든가 올바른 지식(인식)은 외부에서 우리의 감각기관에 주어지는 모든 자극을 우리의 능력(인식능력)이 정리하고 질서있게 함으로써 이루어진다고 했다. 그러나 칸트는 여러 가지 뜻에서 순수이성이란 말을 쓰고 있다. ① 방금 서술한 인식능력(이론이성). ② 본능·욕망에 사로잡히지 않고 도덕법칙을 정하는 순수이성(순수실천이성)과 인식하는 이론이성을 합친 순수이성. ③ 이론이성(직관하는 힘―감성, 생각하는 힘―오성(悟性), 생각된 것을 소수의 원리로 통일해 나아가는 힘―이성) 가운데에서 오성과 이성을 가리킬 경우. ④ 가장 좁은 뜻에서의 모든 지(知)를 소수 원리로 정리해 나아가는 힘으로서의 이성(理性). (ko)
  • Умозре́ние (лат. speculatio) — 1) деятельность мышления, вращающаяся в сфере предметов или событий, не данных на опыте, но лишь предполагаемых; 2) мышление, содержание которого — только мыслимое или сверхчувственное. Умозрение специфично для философского размышления, как способ познания истины с построением логических связей, отвлечённых от научных фактов и экспериментов, вплоть до приобретения умозрительными рассуждениями ненаучного характера. В истории человечества умозрительный характер имели философские размышления ещё древнегреческих мыслителей, таких как Платон и Аристотель; теории средневековых схоластов; натурфилософские теории философов XVIII—XIX веков, например, Шеллинга и Гегеля, а также отдельных учёных-естествоиспытателей. (ru)
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