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Spiritism in Costa Rica refers to the spiritual trend that emerged in Costa Rica at the beginning of the 20th century and of which renowned figures of the intellectual and political elite were followers. Between 1921 and 1923, spiritist circles had been created in Puntarenas, Limón, Goicoechea and Mora. In 1925, the Center for the Study of Experimental Psychology was founded, which published the monthly magazine El Estudio between November 1925 and October 1928.

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  • Espiritismo en Costa Rica (es)
  • Spiritism in Costa Rica (en)
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  • El espiritismo en Costa Rica se refiere a la corriente espiritual surgida en Costa Rica a principios del siglo XX y de la cual fueron adeptos renombradas figuras de la élite intelectual y política. ​ Desde 1874 ya el vicario Domingo Rivas alertaba desde el púlpito contra la circulación de literatura espiritista de Allan Kardec en el país.​ Aunque se desconoce el inicio exacto del espiritismo en Costa Rica ya desde 1896 existe al menos un círculo ocultista que publica la revista Grano de Arena,​ editada por un barbero alajuelense, un pintor y un artesano de nombres Domingo Núñez, Agustín Ramos y Pedro Pérez respectivamente.​ La revista se declaraba como racionalista y era fuertemente crítica del catolicismo.​ Dejó de imprimirse en 1889 por falta de fondos.​ (es)
  • Spiritism in Costa Rica refers to the spiritual trend that emerged in Costa Rica at the beginning of the 20th century and of which renowned figures of the intellectual and political elite were followers. Between 1921 and 1923, spiritist circles had been created in Puntarenas, Limón, Goicoechea and Mora. In 1925, the Center for the Study of Experimental Psychology was founded, which published the monthly magazine El Estudio between November 1925 and October 1928. (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ricardo_Fernández_Guardia.jpg
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  • El espiritismo en Costa Rica se refiere a la corriente espiritual surgida en Costa Rica a principios del siglo XX y de la cual fueron adeptos renombradas figuras de la élite intelectual y política. ​ Desde 1874 ya el vicario Domingo Rivas alertaba desde el púlpito contra la circulación de literatura espiritista de Allan Kardec en el país.​ Aunque se desconoce el inicio exacto del espiritismo en Costa Rica ya desde 1896 existe al menos un círculo ocultista que publica la revista Grano de Arena,​ editada por un barbero alajuelense, un pintor y un artesano de nombres Domingo Núñez, Agustín Ramos y Pedro Pérez respectivamente.​ La revista se declaraba como racionalista y era fuertemente crítica del catolicismo.​ Dejó de imprimirse en 1889 por falta de fondos.​ Entre las personas ligadas a la publicación se encuentran el abogado nicaragüense Salvador Jirón, el educador Amadeo Madriz (tutor de los escritores Manuel González Zeledón y Carlos Gagini), el general Federico Fernández (hermano del presidente y masón Próspero Fernández y padre del intelectual y teósofo Rogelio Fernández Güell), el político Francisco Boza, el colombiano Francisco Lamus y el empresario español Antonio Rodríguez, y mujeres, como Celina Fernández Giralt y María Rojas.​ En 1896 se menciona por primera vez a la Sociedad Benefactora de Estudios Psicológicos en El Grano, misma que se conectaría con organizaciones espiritistas internacionales, particularmente de España y distribuiría la Revista de Estudios Psicológicos de Barcelona en el país, así como artículos de El Grano se publicarían en el exterior.​ Para principios del siglo XX el espiritismo llamaría la atención de distintos pensadores, desencantados tanto con el positivismo científico del que eran críticos por su materialismo, como de la religiosidad tradicional especialmente la católica, a la que tachaban de supersticiosa. Siendo Omar Dengo uno de estos, y quien escribió un artículo a la muerte del químico y espiritista William Crookes.​ Los espiritistas costarricenses en general buscaban aplicar una metodología científica y racionalista al espiritismo, desconfiando de lo que consideraban superchería.​ entre las figuras que se interesaron por el espiritismo se cuenta a Omar Dengo, el canciller Ricardo Fernández Guardia, el magistrado Alberto Brenes Córdoba, el pintor Enrique Echandi, los futuros dictadores hermanos Federico y José Joaquín Tinoco​ y el estudioso del esoterismo Rogelio Fernández Güell quien, según Abelardo Bonilla, fue iniciado en el espiritismo por el presidente mexicano Francisco I. Madero.​ El espiritismo fue rápidamente denunciado por distintos clérigos católicos acusándolo de satanismo.​ En 1906 se forma el Círculo Franklin de espiritistas que estudia las habilidad de médium de Ofelia Corrales. En 1911 se forma el Centro Espiritista Claros de Luna dirigido por el futuro director del Museo Nacional (bajo el gobierno de Tinoco) y director del Colegio Superior de Varones, Ramiro Aguilar, y que publica a partir de 1923 una revista del mismo nombre.​ Entre sus miembros se contaron el futuro ministro de Educación Napoleón Quesada, Daniel González Víquez (hermano del presidente Cleto González Víquez), Rómulo Tovar, Moises Vincenzi y el futuro ministro de educación y director del Colegio Superior de Señoritas Salvador Umaña.​ Entre 1921 y 1923 se habían creado círculo espiritistas en Puntarenas, Limón, Goicoechea y Mora. Para 1925 se funda el Centro de Estudios de Psicología Experimental que publicaba la revista mensual El Estudio entre noviembre de 1925 y octubre de 1928.​ (es)
  • Spiritism in Costa Rica refers to the spiritual trend that emerged in Costa Rica at the beginning of the 20th century and of which renowned figures of the intellectual and political elite were followers. Since 1874, the vicar Domingo Rivas has already warned from the pulpit against the circulation of spiritist literature by Allan Kardec in the country. Although the exact beginning of spiritism in Costa Rica is unknown, since 1896 there has been at least one occult circle that publishes the magazine Grano de Arena (Graine of Corn), edited by a barber from Alajuela, a painter and an artisan named Domingo Núñez, Agustín Ramos and Pedro Pérez respectively. The magazine declared itself to be rationalist and was strongly critical of Catholicism. It stopped being printed in 1889 due to lack of funds. Among the people linked to the publication are the Nicaraguan lawyer Salvador Jirón, the educator Amadeo Madriz (tutor of the writers Manuel González Zeledón and Carlos Gagini), General Federico Fernández (brother of the president and Freemason Próspero Fernández and father of the intellectual and theosophist Rogelio Fernández Güell), the politician Francisco Boza, the Colombian Francisco Lamus and the Spanish businessman Antonio Rodríguez, and women, such as Celina Fernández Giralt and María Rojas. In 1896 the Benefactor Society for Psychological Studies was mentioned for the first time in El Grano, which would connect with international spiritist organizations, particularly in Spain, and would distribute the Revista de Estudios Psicológicas de Barcelona in the country, as well as articles from El Grano would be published abroad. At the beginning of the 20th century, spiritism would attract the attention of different thinkers, disenchanted both with scientific positivism, of which they were critical for its materialism, and with traditional religiosity, especially Catholic religion, which they called superstitious. Being Omar Dengo one of these, and who wrote an article on the death of the chemist and spiritist William Crookes. Costa Rican spiritists in general sought to apply a scientific and rationalist methodology to spiritism, distrusting what they considered trickery. among the Figures who were interested in spiritism include Omar Dengo, Foreign Minister Ricardo Fernández Guardia, magistrate Alberto Brenes Córdoba, painter Enrique Echandi, future dictators brothers Federico and José Joaquín Tinoco and the esoteric scholar Rogelio Fernández Güell who, according to Abelardo Bonilla, was initiated into spiritualism by Mexican President Francisco I. Madero. Spiritism was quickly denounced by different Catholic clergy accusing it of Satanism. In 1906 the Franklin Circle of Spiritists was formed, which studied the abilities of the medium of Ofelia Corrales, daughter of the educator Buenaventura Corrales. In 1911 the Claros de Luna Spiritist Center was formed directed by the future director of the National Museum (under the government of Tinoco) and director of the Colegio Superior de Men, Ramiro Aguilar, and who publishes a magazine of the same name as of 1923. Its members included the future Minister of Education Napoleón Quesada, Daniel González Víquez (brother of President Cleto González Víquez), Rómulo Tovar, Moises Vincenzi and the future Minister of Education and director of the Colegio Superior de Señoritas Salvador Umaña. Between 1921 and 1923, spiritist circles had been created in Puntarenas, Limón, Goicoechea and Mora. In 1925, the Center for the Study of Experimental Psychology was founded, which published the monthly magazine El Estudio between November 1925 and October 1928. (en)
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