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In economics, supplier induced demand (SID) may occur when asymmetry of information exists between supplier and consumer. The supplier can use superior information to encourage an individual to demand a greater quantity of the good or service they supply than the Pareto efficient level, should asymmetric information not exist. The result of this is a welfare loss.

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  • Supplier-induced demand (en)
  • 醫師誘發需求 (zh)
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  • In economics, supplier induced demand (SID) may occur when asymmetry of information exists between supplier and consumer. The supplier can use superior information to encourage an individual to demand a greater quantity of the good or service they supply than the Pareto efficient level, should asymmetric information not exist. The result of this is a welfare loss. (en)
  • 醫師誘發需求(Physician induced demand,PID)又稱供給誘導需求(Supplier-induced demand,SID)是健康經濟學的重要議題。 供給誘導需求(SID)發生於供應商與消費者間資訊的不對等,供應商利用優於消費者的資訊,去促使消費者需求更多的產品和服務,結果將會造成社會福利的損失。同理,在醫療服務市場資訊不對等的狀況下,醫師誘發需求(PID)是指醫師作為病患的代理人,是否會將病患的利益列為次要,而以自身的利益為優先考量,提供病患過多的醫療服務行為,如不必要的手術、增加後續的看診、過多的給藥等,結果導致醫療保健支出成長。 關於醫師誘發需求的成因有幾種解釋: 1. * 追求利潤最大(Profit-maximizing):醫師追求最大利潤,誘發需求是提高收益的方法 2. * 價格僵固性(Price rigidities):醫療服務價格有其僵固性,難以立即調整至均衡價格,留下誘發需求的空間 3. * 目標所得(Target income):醫師有預設所得目標,在正常運作達不到目標時(如當地醫師人數增加,使其所得不如預期)才誘發需求 4. * 負效用(Disutility of discretion):醫師有工作負荷量及道德良心的成本,使其不會無止境地增加誘發需求,Evans假設的效用函數為: U=U(Y,W,D) U=醫師的效用水準;快樂程度 (zh)
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  • In economics, supplier induced demand (SID) may occur when asymmetry of information exists between supplier and consumer. The supplier can use superior information to encourage an individual to demand a greater quantity of the good or service they supply than the Pareto efficient level, should asymmetric information not exist. The result of this is a welfare loss. (en)
  • 醫師誘發需求(Physician induced demand,PID)又稱供給誘導需求(Supplier-induced demand,SID)是健康經濟學的重要議題。 供給誘導需求(SID)發生於供應商與消費者間資訊的不對等,供應商利用優於消費者的資訊,去促使消費者需求更多的產品和服務,結果將會造成社會福利的損失。同理,在醫療服務市場資訊不對等的狀況下,醫師誘發需求(PID)是指醫師作為病患的代理人,是否會將病患的利益列為次要,而以自身的利益為優先考量,提供病患過多的醫療服務行為,如不必要的手術、增加後續的看診、過多的給藥等,結果導致醫療保健支出成長。 關於醫師誘發需求的成因有幾種解釋: 1. * 追求利潤最大(Profit-maximizing):醫師追求最大利潤,誘發需求是提高收益的方法 2. * 價格僵固性(Price rigidities):醫療服務價格有其僵固性,難以立即調整至均衡價格,留下誘發需求的空間 3. * 目標所得(Target income):醫師有預設所得目標,在正常運作達不到目標時(如當地醫師人數增加,使其所得不如預期)才誘發需求 4. * 負效用(Disutility of discretion):醫師有工作負荷量及道德良心的成本,使其不會無止境地增加誘發需求,Evans假設的效用函數為: U=U(Y,W,D) U=醫師的效用水準;快樂程度 Y=醫師淨所得(正效用) W=醫師工作時數(負效用) D=醫師對病患的誘發需求程度(負效用;視為誘發需求的良心成本) 雖然過去許多研究都指出醫師誘發需求的存在,但誘發的程度都不大。即使誘發需求的情況確實存在,藉著現代網際網路等科技媒介,醫師與病患之間已不同於傳統醫療父權的醫病關係,病患取得資訊的管道增加,使其在醫療服務行為中的地位提升,甚至有與醫師平等對話的能力。 (zh)
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