About: Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments

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Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments are assertions that the imposition of the U.S. federal income tax is illegal because the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reads "The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration", was never properly ratified, or that the amendment provides no power to tax income. Proper ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment is disputed by tax protesters who argue that the quoted text of the Amendment differed from the text proposed by Congress, or that Ohio was not a State during ratification, despite its admission to the Union on March 1st, 1803, more than a century prior. Sixteenth Amendmen

Attributes	Values
rdfs:label	Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments (en)
rdfs:comment	Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments are assertions that the imposition of the U.S. federal income tax is illegal because the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reads "The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration", was never properly ratified, or that the amendment provides no power to tax income. Proper ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment is disputed by tax protesters who argue that the quoted text of the Amendment differed from the text proposed by Congress, or that Ohio was not a State during ratification, despite its admission to the Union on March 1st, 1803, more than a century prior. Sixteenth Amendmen (en)
foaf:homepage	https://www.irs.gov/Tax-Professionals/The-Truth-About-Frivolous-Tax-Arguments-Introduction
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	Taxation in the United States Tax resistance in the United States United States constitutional law
Wikipage page ID	18557544 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1108674347 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Precedent United States Congress United States Tax Court Income Taxation in the United States Frivolous litigation Gonzaga University School of Law Thomas Jefferson Leser v. Garnett Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Stanton v. Baltic Mining Co. Stare decisis Tax resistance in the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower Fold3 Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Direct tax Progressive tax Ratio decidendi Tax protester constitutional arguments Repeal United States constitutional law Philander C. Knox Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. Springer v. United States Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution Enrolled bill doctrine Income tax in the United States Ohio Ratification Wage Obiter dictum Tax resistance Tax protester history in the United States The Law That Never Was Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals Tax protester (United States) Labour (economics)
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://evans-legal.com/dan/tpfaq.html https://www.irs.gov/PUP/taxpros/The%20Truth%20Jan%202015.pdf https://www.fold3.com/browse/253/hWHbHI_GH6zUetrhC http://www.adl.org/mwd/suss1.asp http://www.quatloos.com/tax_protestors.php http://evans-legal.com/dan/tpfaq.html%23ratification https://web.archive.org/web/20020918012419/http:/www.adl.org/mwd/suss1.asp https://www.irs.gov/Tax-Professionals/The-Truth-About-Frivolous-Tax-Arguments-Introduction
sameAs	Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments
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thumbnail	wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/16th_Amendment_Pg1of1_AC.jpg?width=300
has abstract	Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments are assertions that the imposition of the U.S. federal income tax is illegal because the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reads "The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration", was never properly ratified, or that the amendment provides no power to tax income. Proper ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment is disputed by tax protesters who argue that the quoted text of the Amendment differed from the text proposed by Congress, or that Ohio was not a State during ratification, despite its admission to the Union on March 1st, 1803, more than a century prior. Sixteenth Amendment ratification arguments have been rejected in every court case where they have been raised and have been identified as legally frivolous. Some protesters have argued that because the Sixteenth Amendment does not contain the words "repeal" or "repealed", the Amendment is ineffective to change the law. Others argue that due to language in Stanton v. Baltic Mining Co., the income tax is an unconstitutional direct tax that should be apportioned (divided equally amongst the population of the various states), despite the court ruling in Stanton that "the provisions of the Sixteenth Amendment conferred no new power of taxation" and that income taxation is a "previous complete and plenary power... possessed by Congress from the beginning". Several tax protesters assert that the Congress has no constitutional power to tax labor or income from labor, citing a variety of court cases. These arguments include claims that the word "income" as used in the Sixteenth Amendment cannot be interpreted as applying to wages; that wages are not income because labor is exchanged for them; that taxing wages violates individuals' right to property, and several others. Another argument raised is that because the federal income tax is progressive, the discriminations and inequalities created by the tax should render the tax unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment, which guarantees equal protection under the law. Such arguments have been ruled without merit under contemporary jurisprudence. (en)
gold:hypernym	Assertions
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Tax_protester_Sixteenth_Amendment_arguments?oldid=1108674347&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	37576 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Tax_protester_Sixteenth_Amendment_arguments
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	The Law that Never Was Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution America: Freedom to Fascism Tax protester Tax protester constitutional arguments Income tax in the United States Michael Badnarik Tax protester arguments Tax protester history in the United States
is foaf:primaryTopic of	wikipedia-en:Tax_protester_Sixteenth_Amendment_arguments

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