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The Ten Martyrs (Hebrew: עֲשֶׂרֶת הָרוּגֵי מַלְכוּת ʿAsereṯ hāRūgēi Malḵūṯ, "The Ten Royal Martyrs") were ten rabbis living during the era of the Mishnah who were martyred by the Roman Empire in the period after the destruction of the Second Temple. Their story is detailed in Midrash Eleh Ezkerah. Although not killed at the same time (since two of the rabbis listed lived well before the other eight), a dramatic poem (known as Eleh Ezkera) tells their story as if they were killed together. This poem is recited on Yom Kippur, and a variation of it on Tisha B'Av.

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  • Zehn Märtyrer (de)
  • Diez Mártires (es)
  • Dix Martyrs (fr)
  • Dieci martiri (ebraismo) (it)
  • Десять казнённых римлянами мудрецов (ru)
  • Ten Martyrs (en)
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  • Die Zehn Märtyrer (hebräisch עשרת הרוגי מלכות Aseret Harugei Malchut) sind jüdische Gelehrte, die im ersten und frühen zweiten Jahrhundert nach der Zerstörung des Tempels in Jerusalem und in der Verfolgung unter Kaiser Hadrian getötet wurden. Die Geschichten sind enthalten im Midrasch Elle ezkera. Sie werden zu Jom Kippur im Musaf rezitiert, zu Tischa beAv wird eine ähnliche Geschichte als (קינות) gelesen (Arzei ha Lebanon). (de)
  • Los Diez Mártires (en hebreo: עשרת הרוגי מלכות Aseret Harugei Malchut) fueron diez rabinos que vivieron durante la era de la Mishná que fueron martirizados por el Imperio Romano en el período posterior a la destrucción del Segundo Templo. Su historia se detalla en Midrash Eleh Ezkerah. Aunque no fueron asesinados al mismo tiempo (ya que dos de los rabinos enumerados vivieron mucho antes de los otros ocho), un poema dramático (conocido como Eleh Ezkera) cuenta su historia como si hubieran sido asesinados juntos. Este poema se recita en Yom Kipur, y una variación de él en Tisha b'Av. (es)
  • Le midrash des dix martyrs (hébreu: עשרת הרוגי מלכות Asseret Harouguei Malkhout ) est un midrash selon lequel un empereur romain décide de la mise à mort de dix rabbins dans la période qui suit la destruction du Second Temple de Jérusalem en 70. Chacun est mis à mort d'une manière épouvantable et spectaculaire, comme la crémation dans des rouleaux de Torah. Ce midrash a donné lieu à diverses selihot (« pardons ») et kinot (« complaintes »), dont et Arzei Halevanon. (fr)
  • The Ten Martyrs (Hebrew: עֲשֶׂרֶת הָרוּגֵי מַלְכוּת ʿAsereṯ hāRūgēi Malḵūṯ, "The Ten Royal Martyrs") were ten rabbis living during the era of the Mishnah who were martyred by the Roman Empire in the period after the destruction of the Second Temple. Their story is detailed in Midrash Eleh Ezkerah. Although not killed at the same time (since two of the rabbis listed lived well before the other eight), a dramatic poem (known as Eleh Ezkera) tells their story as if they were killed together. This poem is recited on Yom Kippur, and a variation of it on Tisha B'Av. (en)
  • Десять казнённых римлянами мудрецов — группа из десяти выдающихся еврейских мудрецов, которые были казнены с особой жестокостью римскими властями в период после разрушения Второго Храма за изучение Торы и соблюдение её заповедей. Десять казнённых мудрецов являются для евреев символом стойкости и готовности к самопожертвованию. Описание вынесения приговора и приведение его в исполнение содержится в пиюте «Этих вспомню я». Это поэтическое произведение включено в молитву «Мусаф» Йом-Кипура в общинах восточноевропейского еврейства и в молитвенный плач Девятого ава в общинах евреев-сефардов. (ru)
  • L'evento storico chiamato Dieci Martiri (ebraico: עשרת הרוגי מלכות, Aseret Harugei Malchut) si riferisce, nella storia degli ebrei, al gruppo dei dieci rabbini che vivevano durante l'era della Mishnah, tra cui il molto noto Rabbi Aqiva, e che furono martirizzati dai romani nel periodo della distruzione del Secondo Tempio. Sebbene tutti e dieci non avrebbero potuto essere uccisi allo stesso tempo (dato che due dei rabbini elencati erano vissuti ben prima degli altri otto) sono elencati insieme, in un poema drammatico noto come Eleh Ezkerah, recitato in due importanti festività ebraiche, per suscitare il giusto spirito del giorno celebrato, momento di riflessione e speranza di redenzione a fronte di attacchi alla fede ebraica. (it)
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