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Turochamp is a chess program developed by Alan Turing and David Champernowne in 1948. It was created as part of research by the pair into computer science and machine learning. Turochamp is capable of playing an entire chess game against a human player at a low level of play by calculating all potential moves and all potential player moves in response, as well as some further moves it deems considerable. It then assigns point values to each game state, and selects the move resulting in the highest point value.

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  • Turochamp (de)
  • Turochamp (fr)
  • Turochamp (it)
  • Turochamp (ru)
  • Turochamp (en)
  • Turochamp (zh)
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  • Turochamp ist der Name eines im Jahre 1948 von Alan Turing und David Champernowne entwickelten Schach-Algorithmus. Er gehörte zu den ersten Schach-Algorithmen der Welt. (de)
  • Turochamp è un software scacchistico sviluppato nel 1948 da Alan Turing e David Champernowne. Nel 1952 il software giocò una partita contro Alick Glennie, vinta da quest'ultimo. Nel 2012 si è tenuto un incontro tra Turochamp e Garri Kasparov, terminato con la vittoria dello scacchista russo. (it)
  • Turochamp是艾倫·圖靈和於1948年開發的國際象棋程式,作為電腦科學和機器學習研究的一部分而創建。Turochamp會以低難度方式與人類棋手对弈,期間它會計算所有潛在的棋步,對手所有可能採取的走棋,以及它認為相當重要的後幾步棋。接著,它會為每個狀況分配點值,並選擇最高點值的狀況來移動。 Turochamp是已知最早進入開發階段的電腦遊戲,但由於算法過於複雜,當時的早期電腦(如自動計算機)無法運行,因此圖靈和錢珀瑙恩從未完成。身在曼徹斯特的圖靈試圖將程式轉換為1951年可執行代碼,卻未能如願。1952年夏天,圖靈以此程式與電腦科學家对弈,並逐步手動執行它。可惜的是,到了1954年圖靈辭世之時,程式仍無法在電腦上實際運行。錢珀瑙恩沒有繼續這個項目,也沒有保留原始的程式設計。雖然程式從未在電腦上運行,但它是首個國際象棋程式的候選者;同一時期還有數個國際象棋程式被開發或提出,包括圖靈嘗試在費蘭提1型上運行但未成功的另一程式。1951年,首個國際象棋程式成功運行。它直接受到Turochamp啟發,也是為費蘭提1型而開發,但只能解決「兩步殺」殘局。2012年,Turochamp再現於之中,國際象棋特級大師加里·基莫维奇·卡斯帕罗夫與其对弈,並在會議上作主題演講。 (zh)
  • Turochamp est un programme d'échecs et le premier jeu développé pour un ordinateur, développé en 1948 par Alan Turing et D. G. Champernowne. Le duo écrit les algorithmes alors qu'il n'a pas d'ordinateur, puis Turing tente d'adapter le programme sur Ferranti Mark I, mais l'écriture reste inachevée. Le programme utilise notamment d'importantes méthodes d'évaluation et des concepts de sélectivité. Toutefois, son fonctionnement n'est pas basé sur une recherche exhaustive, mais plutôt sur une orientation de type heuristique. En 1952, un ami de Turing joue contre Turochamp et gagne la partie, alors que Turing simule à la main les calculs normalement pris en charge par l'ordinateur. (fr)
  • Turochamp is a chess program developed by Alan Turing and David Champernowne in 1948. It was created as part of research by the pair into computer science and machine learning. Turochamp is capable of playing an entire chess game against a human player at a low level of play by calculating all potential moves and all potential player moves in response, as well as some further moves it deems considerable. It then assigns point values to each game state, and selects the move resulting in the highest point value. (en)
  • Turochamp — шахматная программа, разработанная Аланом Тьюрингом и в 1948 году в рамках исследования по информатике и машинному обучению. Перед тем, как сделать ход, Turochamp рассматривает все возможные ходы и просчитывает каждый возможный ответ оппонента, после чего дополнительно анализирует удачные ходы. Всем полученным в результате анализа позициям присваивается метрика, по которой программа выбирает наиболее удачный ход. Следуя этому алгоритму, программа способна разыграть полноценную партию от начала до конца против живого соперника на уровне начинающего игрока в шахматы. (ru)
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  • Turochamp (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alan_Turing_Aged_16.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Garry_Kasparov_IMG_0130.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TUROCHAMP_vs_Glennie,_1952.gif
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