Viktor Valentinovich Novozhilov (Russian: Виктор Валентинович Новожилов) (27 October [O.S. 15 October] 1892 – 15 August 1970) was a Soviet economist and mathematician, known for his development of techniques for the mathematical analysis of economic phenomena. He was awarded the Lenin Prize (1965) and served as head of the Laboratory for Economic Assessment Systems at the Leningrad office of the Central Economic Mathematical Institute.