Lien-Ju Anne Chao (Chinese: 趙蓮菊) is a Taiwanese environmental statistician. She works in the Institute of Statistics at National Tsing Hua University, where she is Tsing Hua Distinguished Chair Professor and a former Taiwan National Chair Professor. Chao has described herself as "60% statistician, 30% mathematician and 10% ecologist". She is known for her work on mark and recapture methods for estimating the size and diversity of populations. She has authored or co-authored a number of software tools for quantifying and estimating biological diversity, and her scholarly works have been cited more than 23,000 times as of November 2019.