In the history of the Russian Empire, and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, arendator (literally "lease holder") (Ukrainian: "Орендар" (Orendar), Russian: "Откупщик" (Otkupshchik)) was a person who leased fixed assets, such as land, mills, inns, breweries, or distilleries, or of special rights, such as the right to collect customs duties, etc. Individuals trusted by state officials were often given such rights to collect rent or revenue and were allowed to keep a portion of the money in exchange for this service, sometimes as a reward for other services to the state. The practice is called "rent/revenue farming".