Caroline Kathryn Allen (April 7, 1904 - April 6, 1975) was an American botanist, botanical illustrator and taxonomist noted for studying trees in the laurel family. She was a staff member at both the Arnold Arboretum and New York Botanical Garden. She described over 275 species, and contributed widely in academic publications. The standard author abbreviation C.K.Allen is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.