Earlville is a village in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 872 at the 2010 census. The village is named after Jonas Earl, a canal commissioner. Earlville lies on the border between Madison County and Chenango County and is partly in each county. The village is in the towns of Sherburne and Hamilton. The east–west thoroughfare, Main Street, runs along the county line. The Madison County part of Earlville is part of the Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area.