Elsie Hart Wilcox (March 22, 1879 – June 30, 1954) was the first woman to serve in the Senate of the Territory of Hawaii. Dedicated to public service, she rose up through the Mokihana Club on Kauai prior to the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution giving women the legal right to vote in 1920. She was the descendant of missionaries who arrived in Hawaii during the 19th century, and was the sister of pioneer nurse Mabel Wilcox. Although born into an economically privileged family, she spent her adult life championing public school teachers, and volunteering in community services.