Erysimum mediohispanicum is a perennial short-lived monocarpic herb found in many montane regions of eastern Spain where it is distributed between 800–2,000 m above sea level and inhabits forests, scrublands, and shrublands. It occupies two main regions in the Iberian Peninsula, one in the north (Soria to Lleida) and the other in the south-east (Granada, Albacete, Jaén, and Almería provinces). Erysimum mediohispanicum may be treated as one of a group or complex of six closely related species, or as Erysimum nevadense subsp. mediohispanicum.