James Henry Cyriax (27 October 1904 – 17 June 1985) was a British medical doctor known as the "father of orthopedic medicine." His work is influential in the areas of sports medicine and physical therapy. He was appointed a Member of the Royal College of Physicians in 1954. Later in his career, he was a visiting professor at the University of Rochester in the United States. He was considered a controversial figure during his lifetime both for his personality and his views on medicine. Cyriax's papers are held at the Wellcome Library.