James Ewen Matthews (17 August 1869 – 24 November 1950) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Albany, Prince Edward Island. Matthews was based in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island during his early career as a teacher, journalist and Charlottetown city alderman. By 1911, he was based in Brandon, Manitoba where he worked as an insurance agent and became President of the Dominion Life Underwriters Association of Canada.