Jean-Baptiste Mougeot (25 September 1776, in Bruyères – 5 December 1858) was a French physician and botanist. From 1798 to 1802, he was stationed in Germany as an army health officer, afterwards returning to his hometown of Bruyères, where he settled as a physician. From 1833 until his death in 1858, he was a member of the conseil général for the département of Vosges. The algae genera Mougeotia and Mougeotiopsis (family Zygnemataceae) are named in his honor. Also, taxa with the specific epithet of mougeotii are named after him, an example being Sorbus mougeotii (Mougeot's whitebeam).