Johan Erhard Areschoug (Johannes Erhard Areschoug, Philos. Doctor, Botanices et Oeconomiae) (16 September 1811 – 7 May 1887) was a Swedish botanist who was a native of Göteborg. He was a member of the Arreskow family (in Swedish). His first name is sometimes recorded as "John". Areschoug performed extensive field studies of Scandinavian cryptogams, being remembered for his work in the field of phycology. The red algae genus Areschougia from the family Areschougiaceae is named in his honor.