Johann Samuel Eduard d'Alton (July 17, 1803 - July 25, 1854) was a German anatomist born in Sankt Goar. He was the son of engraver Eduard Joseph d'Alton (1772–1840). He studied medicine at the University of Bonn, and subsequently taught anatomical drawing at the Berlin Academy of Arts (from 1827). After the death of Johann Friedrich Meckel (1781 to 1833), d'Alton was appointed his successor as professor of anatomy at the University of Halle. He maintained this position until his death in 1854. In 1838 he became a member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina.