Joseph Decatur Bryant (March 12, 1845 – April 7, 1914) was a surgeon, New York City Health Commissioner, Surgeon-General of the National Guard Surgeons and physician to Grover Cleveland and John D. Rockefeller. He also held a series of academic positions at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, culminating with the title of professor of the principles and practice of surgery, and professor of operative and clinical surgery, at New York University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College.