Joseph Harrison Jackson (January 11, 1900 – August 18, 1990) was an American pastor and the longest serving President of the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s was highly controversial in many black churches, where the minister preached spiritual salvation rather than political activism. The National Baptist Convention became deeply split; Jackson had supported the Montgomery bus boycott of 1956, but by 1960 he told his denomination they should not become involved in civil rights activism. Jackson was based in Chicago and was a close ally of Mayor Richard J. Daley and the Chicago Democratic machine against the efforts of Martin Luther King Jr. In the end, Jackson prevailed. Yet, surprisingly, it was a former son of Olivet [pastored by J.