Kataoka District (片岡郡, Kataoka-gun) was formerly a rural district located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The district is now entirely part of the city of Takasaki. Kataoka District was created on December 7, 1878, with the reorganization of Gunma Prefecture into districts. It included 3 villages, which were formerly part of the holdings of Takasaki Domain in Kōzuke Province under the Tokugawa shogunate. With the establishment of the municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the area was organized as a single village (Kataoka).