In nineteenth-century Upper Canada, German-language publications were in high demand, with Germans then the third-largest immigrant group in Canada after the English and French. German migration was concentrated in Waterloo County and its heavily German towns of Berlin (now Kitchener) and Waterloo, with most newspapers established there to service the population. Though Toronto was Canada West's population centre, it was unable to support a large German readership, with its only German-language newspaper moving away after less than a year of publication. German is the only language other than English or French to have had a flourishing newspaper press in Ontario, with approximately thirty German newspapers having been published in the period from 1835 to 1918.