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Mogami Tokunai (最上 徳内, c. 1755 – October 14, 1836) was a Japanese samurai, geographer and explorer. Mogami was born in Dewa Province which is now part of Yamagata Prefecture). He explored and mapped Hokkaido and Sakhalin and some of the Kuril Islands in 1785–1786. In his reports to the Tokugawa shogunate, he emphasized the need to defend the islands. He compiled a preliminary Ainu-Japanese dictionary in Ezo Soshi.