Peeter Lilje (13 October 1950, Valga – 28 October 1993, Oulu) was an Estonian conductor for the Estonian National Symphony Orchestra (ERSO) and Estonian National Opera. In 1974, Lilje graduated from the Tallinn State Conservatory (now Estonian Academy of Music and Theater). In 1980, he graduated from the Rimsky-Korsakov St. Petersburg State Conservatory, studying under Arvids and Mariss Jansons. From 1984 to 1987, Lilje taught conducting at the Tallinn State Conservatory and conducted for their Symphony Orchestra. His students included conductors such as Vello Pahn, Arvo Volmer, Erki Pehk, and Lauri Sirp.