Robert B. Duffield (October 15, 1917 – December 26, 2000) was an American radiochemist who worked as part of the Manhattan Project and was director of the Argonne National Laboratory. His main areas of research focused on radioactivity and photonuclear reaction. Born in Trenton, New Jersey, Duffield graduated from Asbury Park High School. He graduated from Princeton University in 1940 with an undergraduate degree in chemistry and was granted a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1943, the same year that he married Priscilla Duffield.