Robert Chaloner, FRS (23 September 1776 – 7 October 1842) was an English Member of Parliament and Lord Mayor of York. Born the son of William Chaloner of Guisborough, Yorkshire he was educated at Harrow School. He succeeded his elder brother Thomas in 1796 to Guisborough Hall. He joined the North West Riding yeomanry as a Cornet, becoming a captain in 1798. He was a major in the Cleveland Volunteers in 1803 and in the North Riding militia in 1808. He married the Hon. Frances Laura Dundas, daughter of Sir Thomas Dundas, 1st Baron Dundas, and had 3 sons and 3 daughters.