Robert Ferguson FRS FRSE FGS (8 September 1769 – 3 December 1840) of Raith, was at various times a Whig Member of Parliament for Fifeshire, Haddingtonshire and Kirkcaldy Burghs, and at the time of his death he was Lord Lieutenant of the county of Fife. As an amateur geologist and mineralogist the mineral Fergusonite was named after him.