Rosario Romeo (11 October 1924 – 16 March 1987) was a leading historian of the Italian Risorgimento and of Italian modern history more generally. His best-known work is probably the wide-ranging and substantial (3 volume) biography of Cavour, of which the third volume appeared only in 1984, following a gestation period, according to at least one source, of nearly thirty years. Romeo also became a politician, sitting as a member of the Italian Republican Party in the European Parliament between 1984 and his death in 1987.