Rufus King Goodenow (April 24, 1790 – March 24, 1863) was a United States representative from Maine. Born in Henniker, New Hampshire, he moved with his parents to Brownfield, Maine in 1802. He received limited schooling, subsequently engaged in agricultural pursuits. He also made several voyages to European ports and served as a captain in the Thirty-third Regiment, United States Infantry, in the War of 1812. He moved to Paris, Maine in 1821. He was the brother of Robert Goodenow.