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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:All-Russian_Congress_of_Soviets
rdf:type
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rdfs:label
Congreso de los Sóviets de Todas las Rusias Congresso dos Sovietes de Toda a Rússia All-Russian Congress of Soviets 全俄罗斯苏维埃代表大会 Tut-Rusia Kongreso de Sovetoj Kongres Soviet Seluruh Rusia Всероссийский съезд Советов Congresso panrusso dei Soviet
rdfs:comment
Il Congresso panrusso dei Soviet, in qualità di vertice del sistema dei Soviet, è stato l'organo superiore del potere statale nella RSFS Russa (come Repubblica autonoma fino al 1922 e poi come Repubblica costituente l'Unione Sovietica). L'attività del Congresso panrusso è cessata con la riforma costituzionale del 1937, seguita all'approvazione della Costituzione sovietica del 1936 che istituì il Soviet Supremo dell'URSS ed analoghe strutture nelle singole Repubbliche. 全俄罗斯苏维埃代表大会是1918年至1936年俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义联邦共和国的最高统治机关。1918年苏俄宪法规定，全俄苏维埃代表大会每年至少要召开两次，其职责是确立和修改宪法，以及批准和平条约。十月革命前，全俄苏维埃代表大会和临时政府并存，形成了双重政权的局面。临时政府被推翻后，全俄苏维埃代表大会成为俄国唯一的、最高的统治机关。需要注意的是，这个代表大会与1922年苏联成立后统治整个苏联的苏联苏维埃代表大会并不是同一个机关。 全俄苏维埃代表大会由市苏维埃代表（每25000名选民一名代表）和省（州）、自治共和国苏维埃代表（每125000名选民一名代表）组成，采用间接选举制。俄国各地有上百个地方苏维埃，是当地居民可以参加的地方民主统治机关。全俄苏维埃代表由各地方苏维埃选举产生，并掌握国家权力、做出最高决策。在早期，全俄苏维埃代表大会是一个多党民主的机关，有若干个政党参与，每个政党都在争取增加自己在苏维埃中的影响力。然而，随着俄国内战的发展，苏维埃的权威逐渐被削弱，斯大林主义的兴起则有效地巩固了这一局面，并最终将全俄苏维埃代表大会变成了一个玩偶议会。 The All-Russian Congress of Soviets evolved from 1917 to become the supreme governing body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 until 1936, effectively. The 1918 Constitution of the Russian SFSR mandated that Congress shall convene at least twice a year, with the duties of defining (and amending) the principles of the Soviet Constitution and ratifying peace treaties. The October Revolution ousted the provisional government of 1917, making the Congress of Soviets the sole, and supreme governing body. It is important to note that this Congress was not the same as the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union which governed the whole Soviet Union after its creation in 1922. Всероссийский съезд советов рабочих, крестьянских, красноармейских и казачьих депутатов — собрание представителей советов рабочих депутатов, советов крестьянских депутатов и прочих организаций, высший государственный орган РСФСР согласно конституциям 1918 и 1924 годов. Наибольшее число делегатов (1 296) включал V Всероссийский съезд Советов (1918). На периоды между съездами в качестве замещающего органа формировался ВЦИК. La Tut-Rusia Kongreso de Sovetoj evoluis el 1917 ĝis iĝi la supera reganta ento de la Rusia Soveta Federacia Socialisma Respubliko el 1918 ĝis 1936, efektive. La soveta konstitucio de 1918 mandatis, ke la Kongreso kunvenu almenaŭ dufoje jare, kun la taskoj difini (kaj amendi) la principojn de la soveta konstitucio kaj ratifi la pactraktatojn. La Oktobra Revolucio elpostenigis la provizoran registaron, kio faris la Kongreson de Sovetoj la nura, kaj supera reganta ento. Menciindas, ke tiu Kongreso ne estis la sama kiel la Kongreso de la Sovetoj de Sovetunio kiu regis la tutan Sovetunion post ties kreado en 1922. El Congreso Panruso de los Sóviets (ruso: Всероссийский Съезд Советов) fue el máximo órgano de gobierno de la República Socialista Federativa Soviética de Rusia (RSFSR) entre 1917 y 1922, y dentro de la Unión Soviética, entre 1922 y 1936. La Constitución soviética de 1918 mandataba al Congreso a reunirse al menos dos veces al año. La Constitución de 1924 redujo ese mínimo a una vez al año. O Congresso dos Sovietes de Toda a Rússia (CSTR) foi o órgão supremo da República Socialista Federativa Soviética da Rússia de 1917 a 1936, efetivamente. A Constituição da RSFS Russa de 1918 exigiu que o Congresso fosse convocado pelo menos duas vezes ao ano, com os deveres de definir (e alterar) os princípios da Constituição soviética e ratificar os tratados de paz. A Revolução de Outubro eliminou o governo provisório, tornando o Congresso dos Sovietes o único e supremo órgão de governo. É importante notar que este Congresso não foi o mesmo que o Congresso dos Sovietes da União Soviética que governou toda a União Soviética após a sua criação em 1922. Kongres Soviet Seluruh Rusia adalah badan pemerintahan tertinggi Republik Sosialis Federatif Soviet Rusia dari 1917–22 dan Uni Soviet sampai 1936. Konstitusi RSFS Rusia 1918 memandatkan bahwa Kongres harus diadakan setidaknya dua kali setahun. Konstitusi 1925 menurunkan minimum untuk setahun sekali. Revolusi Oktober membentuk sebuah pemerintahan provinsional, membuat Kongres Soviet menjadi badan pemerintahan tunggal dan tertinggi.
rdfs:seeAlso
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All-Russian Congress of Soviets
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dbo:thumbnail
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dbp:sessionRoom
Congress of Soviets .jpg
dbp:caption
Breakdown of delegates at the Second Congress by party
dbp:coaPic
Emblem of the Russian SFSR .svg
dbp:coaRes
150
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dbp:label
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dbp:meetingPlace
Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets in Petrograd, Smolny The Congress had no permanent location.
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11.09 60 15.4 0.9 9.199999999999999
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dbo:abstract
Kongres Soviet Seluruh Rusia adalah badan pemerintahan tertinggi Republik Sosialis Federatif Soviet Rusia dari 1917–22 dan Uni Soviet sampai 1936. Konstitusi RSFS Rusia 1918 memandatkan bahwa Kongres harus diadakan setidaknya dua kali setahun. Konstitusi 1925 menurunkan minimum untuk setahun sekali. Revolusi Oktober membentuk sebuah pemerintahan provinsional, membuat Kongres Soviet menjadi badan pemerintahan tunggal dan tertinggi. Всероссийский съезд советов рабочих, крестьянских, красноармейских и казачьих депутатов — собрание представителей советов рабочих депутатов, советов крестьянских депутатов и прочих организаций, высший государственный орган РСФСР согласно конституциям 1918 и 1924 годов. Наибольшее число делегатов (1 296) включал V Всероссийский съезд Советов (1918). На периоды между съездами в качестве замещающего органа формировался ВЦИК. O Congresso dos Sovietes de Toda a Rússia (CSTR) foi o órgão supremo da República Socialista Federativa Soviética da Rússia de 1917 a 1936, efetivamente. A Constituição da RSFS Russa de 1918 exigiu que o Congresso fosse convocado pelo menos duas vezes ao ano, com os deveres de definir (e alterar) os princípios da Constituição soviética e ratificar os tratados de paz. A Revolução de Outubro eliminou o governo provisório, tornando o Congresso dos Sovietes o único e supremo órgão de governo. É importante notar que este Congresso não foi o mesmo que o Congresso dos Sovietes da União Soviética que governou toda a União Soviética após a sua criação em 1922. Na época anterior a sua existência, o Congresso era um órgão democrático. Sobre a Rússia havia centenas de sovietes, órgãos governamentais locais democráticos em que a população circundante poderia participar. Os sovietes elegiam os delegados ao Congresso e, em seguida, o Congresso mantinha a autoridade nacional, tomando as decisões mais importantes. Houve vários partidos políticos representados nas várias sessões do Congresso, dos quais cada um lutava para aumentar sua própria influência nos sovietes. No entanto, à medida que a Guerra Civil progredia, a autoridade dos sovietes foi progressivamente reduzida, com o aumento do poder do stalinismo efetivamente cimentando essa situação e decisivamente transformando o Congresso num parlamento de carimbadores. O Congresso era formado por representantes de conselhos municipais (1 delegado para 25 mil eleitores) e os congressos dos conselhos provinciais (oblast) e autônomos republicanos (1 deputado para cada 125 mil habitantes). A jurisdição exclusiva do Congresso consistia na eleição do Comitê Executivo Central de Toda a Rússia, na adoção da Constituição da RSFS Russa e em suas alterações, aprovação das emendas propostas pelo Comitê Executivo Central e aprovação das constituições das repúblicas autônomas. Em outras questões, o Congresso e o Comitê Executivo Central tinham a mesma autoridade. O Congresso deixou de existir no final da reforma constitucional de 1936-1937, quando, pela primeira vez, na união e, em seguida, nas eleições das republicas, a eleição indireta para os sovietes foi substituída por eleições diretas em todos os níveis, com o Soviete Supremo como o órgão máximo. The All-Russian Congress of Soviets evolved from 1917 to become the supreme governing body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 until 1936, effectively. The 1918 Constitution of the Russian SFSR mandated that Congress shall convene at least twice a year, with the duties of defining (and amending) the principles of the Soviet Constitution and ratifying peace treaties. The October Revolution ousted the provisional government of 1917, making the Congress of Soviets the sole, and supreme governing body. It is important to note that this Congress was not the same as the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union which governed the whole Soviet Union after its creation in 1922. For the earlier portion of its life, the Congress was a democratic body. Over Russia there were hundreds of soviets, democratic local governing bodies in which the surrounding population could participate. The soviets elected the delegates to the Congress, and then in turn the Congress held the national authority, making the highest decisions. There were several political parties represented in the various sessions of the Congress, each of which fought for increasing their own influence in the soviets. However, as the civil war progressed, the soviets' authority was progressively reduced, with the rise of Stalinism effectively cementing this situation and decisively turning the Congress into a rubber stamp. The Congress was formed of representatives of city councils (1 delegate per 25,000 voters) and the congresses of the provincial (oblast) and autonomous republican councils (1 deputy for every 125,000 inhabitants). The exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress consisted of the election of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, adoption of the Constitution of the Russian SFSR and amendments to it, approval of amendments proposed by the Central Executive Committee, and approval of the autonomous republics' constitutions. On the other issues, the Congress and the Central Executive Committee had the same authority. The Congress ceased to exist at the end of the constitutional reform of 1936–1937, when first on the union and then at the republican levels indirect election to Soviets were replaced by direct elections at all levels with the Supreme Soviet as the highest legislative body. El Congreso Panruso de los Sóviets (ruso: Всероссийский Съезд Советов) fue el máximo órgano de gobierno de la República Socialista Federativa Soviética de Rusia (RSFSR) entre 1917 y 1922, y dentro de la Unión Soviética, entre 1922 y 1936. La Constitución soviética de 1918 mandataba al Congreso a reunirse al menos dos veces al año. La Constitución de 1924 redujo ese mínimo a una vez al año. Il Congresso panrusso dei Soviet, in qualità di vertice del sistema dei Soviet, è stato l'organo superiore del potere statale nella RSFS Russa (come Repubblica autonoma fino al 1922 e poi come Repubblica costituente l'Unione Sovietica). L'attività del Congresso panrusso è cessata con la riforma costituzionale del 1937, seguita all'approvazione della Costituzione sovietica del 1936 che istituì il Soviet Supremo dell'URSS ed analoghe strutture nelle singole Repubbliche. La Tut-Rusia Kongreso de Sovetoj evoluis el 1917 ĝis iĝi la supera reganta ento de la Rusia Soveta Federacia Socialisma Respubliko el 1918 ĝis 1936, efektive. La soveta konstitucio de 1918 mandatis, ke la Kongreso kunvenu almenaŭ dufoje jare, kun la taskoj difini (kaj amendi) la principojn de la soveta konstitucio kaj ratifi la pactraktatojn. La Oktobra Revolucio elpostenigis la provizoran registaron, kio faris la Kongreson de Sovetoj la nura, kaj supera reganta ento. Menciindas, ke tiu Kongreso ne estis la sama kiel la Kongreso de la Sovetoj de Sovetunio kiu regis la tutan Sovetunion post ties kreado en 1922. 全俄罗斯苏维埃代表大会是1918年至1936年俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义联邦共和国的最高统治机关。1918年苏俄宪法规定，全俄苏维埃代表大会每年至少要召开两次，其职责是确立和修改宪法，以及批准和平条约。十月革命前，全俄苏维埃代表大会和临时政府并存，形成了双重政权的局面。临时政府被推翻后，全俄苏维埃代表大会成为俄国唯一的、最高的统治机关。需要注意的是，这个代表大会与1922年苏联成立后统治整个苏联的苏联苏维埃代表大会并不是同一个机关。 全俄苏维埃代表大会由市苏维埃代表（每25000名选民一名代表）和省（州）、自治共和国苏维埃代表（每125000名选民一名代表）组成，采用间接选举制。俄国各地有上百个地方苏维埃，是当地居民可以参加的地方民主统治机关。全俄苏维埃代表由各地方苏维埃选举产生，并掌握国家权力、做出最高决策。在早期，全俄苏维埃代表大会是一个多党民主的机关，有若干个政党参与，每个政党都在争取增加自己在苏维埃中的影响力。然而，随着俄国内战的发展，苏维埃的权威逐渐被削弱，斯大林主义的兴起则有效地巩固了这一局面，并最终将全俄苏维埃代表大会变成了一个玩偶议会。 全俄苏维埃代表大会独有的权力包括选举全俄中央执行委员会、通过苏俄宪法及其修正案、批准中央执行委员会提出的议案、批准各自治共和国的宪法。在其他议题上，全俄苏维埃代表大会和中央执行委员会拥有同等的权力。1936-1937年宪法修改后，全俄苏维埃代表大会被采用直接选举制的俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国最高苏维埃取代。
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