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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Big_Dig
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大开掘 Big Dig Большой Бостонский тоннель Великий бостонський тунель Big Dig Big Dig Big Dig Big Dig Big Dig Big Dig 빅 딕
rdfs:comment
Le Big Dig est le surnom du Central Artery/Tunnel Project, un projet autoroutier souterrain à Boston aux États-Unis construit par la société Bechtel entre 1985 et la fin de 2007, date marquant la fin du partenariat entre Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff et le Massachusetts Turnpike Authority. Le 10 juillet 2006, à la suite de la chute de plusieurs pièces de béton attachées au plafond, le segment qui relie l'Interstate 90 au tunnel Ted Williams est resté fermé au public pendant un an. Big Dig är ett smeknamn på vägtunnelprojektet Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T) i Boston, USA. Projektet innebar en omdragning av vägen , en del av Interstate 93, i tunnlar under centrala Boston. Tunneln är en vägtunnel på 5,6 km längd under centrala Boston. Den invigdes januari 2006. Den är en del av vägen Interstate 93 och har ersatt en smalare väg på viadukt över centrala staden. I projektet ingick en anslutningstunnel på 2,5 km, en snedkabelbro och att efteråt riva viadukten och skapa parker där. Projektet anses vara ett av världens dyraste vägprojekt, åtminstone räknat i antal dollar. Kostnaden blev 14,6 miljarder USA-dollar, ca 107 miljarder svenska kronor i 2006 års penningvärde. Budgeten var på 2,5 miljarder dollar i 1982 års penningvärde eller 6,0 miljarder dollar justerat för The Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T Project), commonly known as the Big Dig, was a megaproject in Boston that rerouted the Central Artery of Interstate 93 (I-93), the chief highway through the heart of the city, into the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) tunnel named the Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. Tunnel. The project also included the construction of the Ted Williams Tunnel (extending I-90 to Logan International Airport), the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge over the Charles River, and the Rose Kennedy Greenway in the space vacated by the previous I-93 elevated roadway. Initially, the plan was also to include a rail connection between Boston's two major train terminals. Planning began in 1982; the construction work was carried out between 1991 and 2006; and the project concluded on December 31, Великий бостонський тунель (англ. Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel Project; неоф. англ. Big Dig - Велика траншея) - 8-смугова магістраль, найдорожчий проект в історії будівництва США. Кошторисна вартість понад 14,6 млрд доларів. Витрати на будівництво становили 3 млн доларів в день. Використано понад 150 кранів. Брало участь понад 5000 осіб. Щодня вивозили 1200 вантажівок зсуву ґрунту. Після будівництва покращилася екологічна обстановка в місті та рівень чадного газу знизився на 12%. При будівництві жодного будинку не зруйновано. Большой бостонский тоннель (англ. Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel Project; неоф. англ. Big Dig — Большая траншея) — 8-полосная магистраль, один из дорогих проектов в истории строительства США, включающий строительство ряда развязок и подводного тоннеля длиной 5,6 км. Общий бюджет проекта составил более 14,6 млрд долларов. Издержки и расходы составили 3 млн долларов в день. При строительстве использовано более 150 подъемных кранов. Общее количество задействованного персонала более 5000 человек. Ежедневный объём вывезенного грунта составил 1200 грузовиков. 中央动脉隧道工程(英語:Central Artery/Tunnel Project,缩写为CA/T),民间普遍称之为大开掘(英語:The Big Dig)。该大型工程位于波士顿,重新规划穿过城市心脏的93号州际公路(I-93)公路段,建设了1.5英里(2.4公里) 代替原有的高架路段,并在高架路段原址上建设了。除此之外,大开掘工程建设了,将延伸至洛根将军国际机场。还在查尔斯河上建设了。最初规划还包括贯通波士顿南北火车站的。工程规划于1982年开始,1991年至2006年间施工。工程实际交付日期为2007年12月31日,该项目经理于马萨诸塞州收费公路管理局之间的合作到此结束。 大开掘是美国最昂贵的高速公路项目,该项目深受诟病,、施工延误、施工泄漏、设计缺陷、执行力差、使用劣质材料、以及逮捕罪犯并造成一人死亡。工程最初计划于1998年完工,当时预计造价为28亿美元。(由于通货膨胀,截至2006年调整为60亿美元)。然而,工程最终于2007年竣工,截至2006年花费超过146亿美元(相当于1982年的80.8亿美元),超过预计成本的190%。 波士顿环球报预计,算上利息,工程最终将耗费220亿美元,于2038年还清贷款。对于工程造成的一宗死亡個案和其他设计缺陷,工程监督比奇特尔公司和栢誠集團同意支付4.07亿美元的赔偿金,其他小公司同意赔偿总计5100万美元。 De Big Dig ("de grote graafpartij") is de officieuze naam voor het Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T), een enorm verkeers- en stedenbouwkundig project dat tussen 1982 en 2007 werd gepland en uitgevoerd in de binnenstad van de Amerikaanse stad Boston. Der Big Dig (etwa: „Das große Graben“) war ein städtebauliches Großprojekt in Boston, mit dem die meistgenutzte Stadtautobahn der Stadt, der John F. Fitzgerald Expressway, in einen Tunnel verlegt wurde. Die offiziell als Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T) bezeichnete und seit 1982 geplante und gebaute Tieferlegung der zentralen Stadtautobahn, verbunden mit einer neuen unterirdischen Querung des Charles River war eines der aufwendigsten Tiefbauprojekte der Welt. Big Dig (o Grande Scavo in italiano) è il nome non ufficiale dell'Arteria Centrale/Progetto di Tunnel (Central Artery/Tunnel Project CA/T), un megaprogetto che ha riconvertito l'Interstate 93, la principale autostrada cittadina di Boston, in un tunnel lungo 5,6 km (3,5 miglia) sotto la città. O Big Dig é o nome não-oficial da Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T), um megaprojeto que transformou Interstate 93, a principal estrada no coração de Boston, em um túnel sob a cidade com 5,6 quilômetros. O projeto também incluiu a construção do túnel Ted Williams (ampliação da Interstate 90 que levava ao Aeroporto Internacional Logan), o Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge sobre o rio Charles, e o Rose Kennedy Greenway no espaço deixado pela antiga pista elevada I-93. Inicialmente, o plano também incluía uma ligação ferroviária entre os dois principais terminais de trem Boston. O projeto foi concluído em 31 de dezembro de 2007, quando a parceria entre o gestor do programa, Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff, e o Massachusetts Turnpike Authority terminou.
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Automotive
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dbo:abstract
Великий бостонський тунель (англ. Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel Project; неоф. англ. Big Dig - Велика траншея) - 8-смугова магістраль, найдорожчий проект в історії будівництва США. Кошторисна вартість понад 14,6 млрд доларів. Витрати на будівництво становили 3 млн доларів в день. Використано понад 150 кранів. Брало участь понад 5000 осіб. Щодня вивозили 1200 вантажівок зсуву ґрунту. Після будівництва покращилася екологічна обстановка в місті та рівень чадного газу знизився на 12%. При будівництві жодного будинку не зруйновано. У тунелі не може працювати стільниковий зв'язок через те, що епоксидна смола, за допомогою якої з'єднуються стінки тунелю, не може витримати додаткової ваги базових станцій . Big Dig är ett smeknamn på vägtunnelprojektet Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T) i Boston, USA. Projektet innebar en omdragning av vägen , en del av Interstate 93, i tunnlar under centrala Boston. Tunneln är en vägtunnel på 5,6 km längd under centrala Boston. Den invigdes januari 2006. Den är en del av vägen Interstate 93 och har ersatt en smalare väg på viadukt över centrala staden. I projektet ingick en anslutningstunnel på 2,5 km, en snedkabelbro och att efteråt riva viadukten och skapa parker där. Projektet anses vara ett av världens dyraste vägprojekt, åtminstone räknat i antal dollar. Kostnaden blev 14,6 miljarder USA-dollar, ca 107 miljarder svenska kronor i 2006 års penningvärde. Budgeten var på 2,5 miljarder dollar i 1982 års penningvärde eller 6,0 miljarder dollar justerat för inflation år 2006. Orsaken till kostnaden är bland annat att marken är igenfylld våtmark, att hus, en tunnelbana och den existerande viadukten måste hållas stabila, att rörledningar som påträffades måste flyttas, och att många arkeologiska fynd, till exempel sjunkna hus och båtar påträffats. The Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T Project), commonly known as the Big Dig, was a megaproject in Boston that rerouted the Central Artery of Interstate 93 (I-93), the chief highway through the heart of the city, into the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) tunnel named the Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. Tunnel. The project also included the construction of the Ted Williams Tunnel (extending I-90 to Logan International Airport), the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge over the Charles River, and the Rose Kennedy Greenway in the space vacated by the previous I-93 elevated roadway. Initially, the plan was also to include a rail connection between Boston's two major train terminals. Planning began in 1982; the construction work was carried out between 1991 and 2006; and the project concluded on December 31, 2007, when the partnership between the program manager and the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority ended. The Big Dig was the most expensive highway project in the United States, and was plagued by cost overruns, delays, leaks, design flaws, charges of poor execution and use of substandard materials, criminal arrests, and the death of one motorist. The project was originally scheduled to be completed in 1998 at an estimated cost of $2.8 billion (in 1982 dollars, US$7.4 billion adjusted for inflation as of 2020). However, the project was completed in December 2007 at a cost of over $8.08 billion (in 1982 dollars, $21.5 billion adjusted for inflation, meaning a cost overrun of about 190%) as of 2020. The Boston Globe estimated that the project will ultimately cost $22 billion, including interest, and that it would not be paid off until 2038. As a result of a death, leaks, and other design flaws, Bechtel and Parsons Brinckerhoff—the consortium that oversaw the project—agreed to pay $407 million in restitution and several smaller companies agreed to pay a combined sum of approximately $51 million. The Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway is a roughly 1.5-mile-long (2.4 km) series of parks and public spaces, which were the final part of the Big Dig after Interstate 93 was put underground. The Greenway was named in honor of Kennedy family matriarch Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, and was officially dedicated on July 26, 2004. 中央动脉隧道工程(英語:Central Artery/Tunnel Project,缩写为CA/T),民间普遍称之为大开掘(英語:The Big Dig)。该大型工程位于波士顿,重新规划穿过城市心脏的93号州际公路(I-93)公路段,建设了1.5英里(2.4公里) 代替原有的高架路段,并在高架路段原址上建设了。除此之外,大开掘工程建设了,将延伸至洛根将军国际机场。还在查尔斯河上建设了。最初规划还包括贯通波士顿南北火车站的。工程规划于1982年开始,1991年至2006年间施工。工程实际交付日期为2007年12月31日,该项目经理于马萨诸塞州收费公路管理局之间的合作到此结束。 大开掘是美国最昂贵的高速公路项目,该项目深受诟病,、施工延误、施工泄漏、设计缺陷、执行力差、使用劣质材料、以及逮捕罪犯并造成一人死亡。工程最初计划于1998年完工,当时预计造价为28亿美元。(由于通货膨胀,截至2006年调整为60亿美元)。然而,工程最终于2007年竣工,截至2006年花费超过146亿美元(相当于1982年的80.8亿美元),超过预计成本的190%。 波士顿环球报预计,算上利息,工程最终将耗费220亿美元,于2038年还清贷款。对于工程造成的一宗死亡個案和其他设计缺陷,工程监督比奇特尔公司和栢誠集團同意支付4.07亿美元的赔偿金,其他小公司同意赔偿总计5100万美元。 罗斯·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪绿道长约1.5英里(2.4公里),由一连串公园和公共空间组成,在大开掘工程中将93号州际公路深埋后的最后工程一个部分。2004年7月26日正式以罗丝·肯尼迪为绿道命名,以表示对这位肯尼迪家族女家长的纪念。 Большой бостонский тоннель (англ. Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel Project; неоф. англ. Big Dig — Большая траншея) — 8-полосная магистраль, один из дорогих проектов в истории строительства США, включающий строительство ряда развязок и подводного тоннеля длиной 5,6 км. Общий бюджет проекта составил более 14,6 млрд долларов. Издержки и расходы составили 3 млн долларов в день. При строительстве использовано более 150 подъемных кранов. Общее количество задействованного персонала более 5000 человек. Ежедневный объём вывезенного грунта составил 1200 грузовиков. После строительства улучшилась экологическая обстановка в городе и уровень угарного газа снизился на 12 %. Big Dig (o Grande Scavo in italiano) è il nome non ufficiale dell'Arteria Centrale/Progetto di Tunnel (Central Artery/Tunnel Project CA/T), un megaprogetto che ha riconvertito l'Interstate 93, la principale autostrada cittadina di Boston, in un tunnel lungo 5,6 km (3,5 miglia) sotto la città. Il progetto includeva anche la costruzione del tunnel Ted Williams (estendendo l'Interstate 90 all'aeroporto internazionale di Boston), il ponte Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial sul fiume Charles e l'area pedonale di Rose Kennedy nello spazio lasciato libero dalla precedente Interstate 93. Inizialmente, il piano includeva una connessione ferroviaria tra le due principali stazioni cittadine. Il progetto è stato completato il 31 dicembre del 2007. Der Big Dig (etwa: „Das große Graben“) war ein städtebauliches Großprojekt in Boston, mit dem die meistgenutzte Stadtautobahn der Stadt, der John F. Fitzgerald Expressway, in einen Tunnel verlegt wurde. Die offiziell als Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T) bezeichnete und seit 1982 geplante und gebaute Tieferlegung der zentralen Stadtautobahn, verbunden mit einer neuen unterirdischen Querung des Charles River war eines der aufwendigsten Tiefbauprojekte der Welt. Auf dem Höhepunkt der Bauarbeiten waren 5000 Arbeitnehmer mit dem Central-Artery-Projekt beschäftigt. 2004 konnte die Stelzenautobahn abgebaut werden. Errichtet wurde bzw. wird – mit über 80 Prozent Bundesmitteln – ein technokratischer Kompromiss. Die tiefgelegte Stadtautobahn ist nun auf 240.000 Fahrzeuge pro Tag ausgelegt, die (noch in Arbeit befindliche) Oberflächengestaltung ist etwas weniger grün ausgefallen als sich dies ökologische Bürgerinitiativen vorgestellt hatten. Die urbanistischen Auswirkungen gelten aber als positiv. Insbesondere konnte so die Abgeschnittenheit Bostons von seiner in den letzten Jahrzehnten erfolgreich revitalisierten Waterfront beseitigt werden. Die Gesamtkosten belaufen sich nach aktueller Mitteilung der Massachusetts Turnpike Authority auf 14,6 Milliarden Dollar, das entspricht mehr als dem Fünffachen der ursprünglich anvisierten 2,6 Milliarden Dollar. Die durch die Tieferlegung der Stadtautobahn gewonnenen Freiflächen werden etwa elf Hektar betragen, die Kohlenstoffmonoxid-Belastung Bostons soll durch das Bauwerk um etwa zwölf Prozent sinken. De Big Dig ("de grote graafpartij") is de officieuze naam voor het Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T), een enorm verkeers- en stedenbouwkundig project dat tussen 1982 en 2007 werd gepland en uitgevoerd in de binnenstad van de Amerikaanse stad Boston. O Big Dig é o nome não-oficial da Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T), um megaprojeto que transformou Interstate 93, a principal estrada no coração de Boston, em um túnel sob a cidade com 5,6 quilômetros. O projeto também incluiu a construção do túnel Ted Williams (ampliação da Interstate 90 que levava ao Aeroporto Internacional Logan), o Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge sobre o rio Charles, e o Rose Kennedy Greenway no espaço deixado pela antiga pista elevada I-93. Inicialmente, o plano também incluía uma ligação ferroviária entre os dois principais terminais de trem Boston. O projeto foi concluído em 31 de dezembro de 2007, quando a parceria entre o gestor do programa, Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff, e o Massachusetts Turnpike Authority terminou. The Big Dig foi o projeto de rodovia mais caro dos Estados Unidos. Embora o projeto foi estimado em 1985 em US$ 2,8 bilhões (em 1982, E.U. $ 6,0 bilhões ajustados para a inflação em 2006; mais de 14,6 bilhões (8,08 bilhões em 1982) de impostos federais e estaduais a partir de 2006. Em 17 de julho de 2008 um artigo no The Boston Globe afirmou: "Ao todo, o projeto terá um custo adicional de US$ 7 bilhões de juros, elevando o total para a estrondosa cifra de US$ 22 bilhões, de acordo com uma revisão feita pela [Boston] Globe de centenas de documentos do estado. [O projeto] Não será pago até 2038." No início do projeto, o congressista Barney Frank perguntou: "Em vez de abaixar a via expressa, não seria mais barato para elevar a cidade?" O projeto tem efetuadas detenções penal, devido à escalada dos custos, a mortes e as acusações de má execução e utilização de materiais precárias. O procurador-geral de Massachusetts está exigindo que dos contribuintes contratantes restituição de 108 milhões dólares por "trabalho malfeito". Em 23 de janeiro de 2008, foi noticiado que a Bechtel / Parsons Brinckerhoff, o consórcio que supervisionou o projeto, pagaria 407 milhões em indenização pela fiscalização deficiente dos subempreiteiros (alguns dos quais cometeram fraudes), bem como se assume como principal responsável pela morte de um motorista. No entanto, apesar de admitir a fiscalização deficiente e negligência como parte do acordo, a empresa não está impedida de concorrer em licitação para contratos com o governo no futuro. Le Big Dig est le surnom du Central Artery/Tunnel Project, un projet autoroutier souterrain à Boston aux États-Unis construit par la société Bechtel entre 1985 et la fin de 2007, date marquant la fin du partenariat entre Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff et le Massachusetts Turnpike Authority. Son but était d'alléger la circulation de surface dans le cœur de Boston même, principalement celle qui passe par le Central Artery (partie du Interstate 93). La partie la plus importante du projet est un tunnel long de 5,5 km qui remplace une autoroute surélevée. Ce projet comprend également la construction du tunnel Ted Williams qui permet de joindre l'aéroport international Logan ainsi que le pont Zakim Bunker Hill sur la rivière Charles à partir du tunnel principal. À la suite de retards, d'arrêts, de surcoûts, de fuites, de mauvaises exécutions et de l'utilisation de matériaux hors normes, il s'agit du plus coûteux projet de construction immobilière aux États-Unis. Initialement estimé au coût de 2,5 milliards USD en 1985, il en a coûté 14,6 milliards en juillet 2006. En dollars constants de 2006, le coût est passé de 6 à 14,6 milliards. Le 10 juillet 2006, à la suite de la chute de plusieurs pièces de béton attachées au plafond, le segment qui relie l'Interstate 90 au tunnel Ted Williams est resté fermé au public pendant un an.
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