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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Energy_in_Nigeria
rdfs:label
Énergie au Nigeria Energy in Nigeria
rdfs:comment
Le secteur de l'énergie au Nigeria est marqué par le poids dominant de l'industrie pétrolière et gazière qui apporte 90 % des revenus d'exportation en 2021. Mais du point de vue des consommateurs, il est caractérisé avant tout par la faiblesse de la consommation d'énergie primaire : 41 % de la moyenne mondiale (mais 120 % de la moyenne africaine) en 2019, et par la part prépondérante de la biomasse dans cette consommation : 75 % en 2019. In 2018, Nigeria's primary energy consumption was about 155 Mtoe. Most of the energy comes from traditional biomass and waste, which accounted for 73.5% of total primary consumption in 2018. The rest is from fossil fuels (26.4%) and hydropower.
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dbp:date
2015-04-05 2013-10-07 2010-10-11 2013-03-09 2011-10-27 2009-10-12 2014-09-02
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dbo:abstract
In 2018, Nigeria's primary energy consumption was about 155 Mtoe. Most of the energy comes from traditional biomass and waste, which accounted for 73.5% of total primary consumption in 2018. The rest is from fossil fuels (26.4%) and hydropower. Coal, petroleum reserves, natural gas, peat, hydroelectricity, solar and wind are major energy resources in Nigeria and the country remains a top producer of crude oil and natural gas in Africa. Its production in 2022 averaged 1.2 million barrels of oil per day (bopd), and 300 barrels per day (bpd) of condensate, making it the biggest oil producer on the continent. Nigeria has oil reserves of about 37 billion barrels and gas reserves of about 206 Tcf, ranking 10th and 8th in the world, respectively, and giving it plenty of room to further grow its hydrocarbons industry. However, Nigeria is also a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and is frequently subject to production quotas. According to BMC, "Nigeria is Africa's energy giant. It is the continent's most prolific oil-producing country, which, along with Libya, accounts for two-thirds of Africa's crude oil reserves. It ranks second to Algeria in natural gas. Most of Africa's bitumen and lignite reserves are found in Nigeria. In its mix of conventional energy reserves, Nigeria is simply unmatched by any other country on the African continent. It is not surprising therefore that energy export is the mainstay of the Nigerian economy and the government is targeting 90% electrification rate by 2030. Also, primary energy resources dominate the nation's industrial raw material endowment." There was a need for the country to scale up sustainable investment due to the destabilization of oil prices as a result of geopolitical risks and energy transition. Le secteur de l'énergie au Nigeria est marqué par le poids dominant de l'industrie pétrolière et gazière qui apporte 90 % des revenus d'exportation en 2021. Mais du point de vue des consommateurs, il est caractérisé avant tout par la faiblesse de la consommation d'énergie primaire : 41 % de la moyenne mondiale (mais 120 % de la moyenne africaine) en 2019, et par la part prépondérante de la biomasse dans cette consommation : 75 % en 2019. La production d'énergie primaire au Nigeria se répartissait en 2019 entre le pétrole : 39,7 %, le gaz naturel : 14,6 % (production multipliée par onze depuis 1990) et la biomasse : 45,5 %. Le Nigeria se classe en 2020 au 11e rang mondial pour ses réserves de pétrole et au 14e rang mondial pour sa production de pétrole, au 9e rang mondial pour ses réserves de gaz naturel, au 17e rang mondial pour sa production de gaz naturel et au 10e rang mondial pour ses exportations de gaz naturel. La consommation d'énergie primaire repose pour l'essentiel sur la biomasse : 74,7 % en 2019, et les combustibles fossiles : 24,9 % (pétrole : 15,1 % ; gaz naturel : 9,7 %). L'électricité représente seulement 1,7 % de la consommation finale d'énergie du Nigeria en 2019, un taux d'électrification parmi les plus bas au monde. La production d'électricité utilise très majoritairement le gaz naturel : 78,4 % en 2019, et secondairement l'hydroélectricité : 21,5 %. La consommation d'électricité par habitant en 2019 atteint seulement 4 % de la moyenne mondiale et 47 % de la moyenne africaine. Les émissions de CO2 liées à l'énergie par habitant sont très faibles : 10,5 % de la moyenne mondiale et 47 % de la moyenne africaine en 2019. Mais elles progressent deux fois plus vite que la moyenne mondiale : +19 % contre +15,8 % entre 1990 et 2013. Les fuites et vols de pétrole ainsi que le torchage du gaz naturel associé au pétrole causent des pollutions de grande ampleur dans le delta du Niger.
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