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dbr:Gun_politics_in_the_United_States
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سياسة السلاح في الولايات المتحدة Waffenrecht (Vereinigte Staaten) Gun politics in the United States 美國槍支政策 Politica delle armi negli Stati Uniti Política de armas nos Estados Unidos Contrôle des armes à feu aux États-Unis
rdfs:comment
Cet article fait état du contrôle des armes à feu aux États-Unis. Le droit de posséder une arme à feu est garanti par le Deuxième amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis. Cependant, la branche législative de chaque État fédéré, et dans une certaine mesure des gouvernements locaux (comtés, villes indépendantes), peut établir les lois et ordonnances encadrant la possession et le port d'armes à feu, dissimulées ou non. 槍支管制的相關政策一直是美國政治中的爭議議題。持枪权的支持者和枪支管制的支持者(不等同反對持枪权)在该问题上分歧很大,经常在枪支管制、枪支造成和预防犯罪、公共安全等问题上争论不休。 A política de armas é uma área da política americana definida por duas ideologias opostas primárias sobre a posse de armas civis. As pessoas que defendem o controle de armas apoiam o aumento das regulamentações relacionadas à posse de armas; as pessoas que defendem os direitos das armas apoiam a diminuição dos regulamentos relacionados à propriedade das armas. Esses grupos frequentemente discordam da interpretação de leis e processos judiciais relacionados a armas de fogo, bem como dos efeitos do regulamento sobre armas de fogo no crime e na segurança pública. Estima-se que os e que 35% a 42% das famílias no país tenham pelo menos uma arma. Os EUA têm o maior número estimado de armas per capita, com 120,5 armas para cada 100 pessoas. La politica delle armi negli Stati Uniti è un ambito della politica americana definita dalla contrapposizione di due principali ideologie sulla disciplina, commercio e possesso delle armi da fuoco, soprattutto da parte di privati cittadini. Das Waffenrecht in den Vereinigten Staaten ist bestimmt vom stark ausgeprägten US-Föderalismus und ändert sich oft. Mit Stand von Anfang des Jahres 2012 gab es mehr als 20.000 Gesetze zum Waffenbesitz. سياسة السلاح هي أحد مجالات السياسة الأمريكية التي تحددها أيديولوجيتان رئيسيتان متعارضتان حول ملكية الأسلحة المدنية. يدعم الأشخاص الذين يدافعون عن الحد من الأسلحة تقوية اللوائح المتعلقة بملكية السلاح؛ ويعارض الأشخاص الذين يدافعون عن حق امتلاك وحمل السلاح اللوائح الجديدة أو يدعمون تخفيف القيود المتعلقة بملكية السلاح. تختلف هذه المجموعات غالبًا حول تفسير القوانين وقضايا المحاكم المتعلقة بالأسلحة النارية، وحول آثار تنظيم الأسلحة النارية على الجريمة والسلامة العامة. تشير التقديرات إلى أن المدنيين الأمريكيين يمتلكون 393 مليون سلاح ناري، وأن 35% إلى 42% من الأسر في الدولة لديها سلاح واحد على الأقل. تمتلك الولايات المتحدة حتى الآن أعلى رقم تقديري للأسلحة النارية لكل فرد في العالم، والذي يبلغ 120.5 سلاح ناري لكل 100 شخص. Gun politics within American politics is defined by two primary opposing ideologies about civilian gun ownership. Those who advocate for gun control support increased regulation of gun ownership; those who advocate for gun rights oppose increased restriction of gun ownership. These groups often disagree on the interpretation of laws and court cases related to firearms and of the effectiveness of firearms regulation on crime and public safety. It is estimated that U.S. civilians own 393 million firearms, and that 40% to 42% of the households in the country have at least one gun. The U.S. has by far the highest estimated number of guns per capita in the world, at 120.5 guns for every 100 people.
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Talk:Gun politics in the United States#Missing a lot of Info regarding Gun Control groups
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Category:Gun politics in the United States
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Q1305384
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January 2020 April 2014 April 2021
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Category:Gun politics
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This is a contributor article on Forbes.com, rather than one written by a staff member, and thus may not have undergone editorial oversight it is disjointed, one source is poor quality, the other is poorly used
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dbo:abstract
Gun politics within American politics is defined by two primary opposing ideologies about civilian gun ownership. Those who advocate for gun control support increased regulation of gun ownership; those who advocate for gun rights oppose increased restriction of gun ownership. These groups often disagree on the interpretation of laws and court cases related to firearms and of the effectiveness of firearms regulation on crime and public safety. It is estimated that U.S. civilians own 393 million firearms, and that 40% to 42% of the households in the country have at least one gun. The U.S. has by far the highest estimated number of guns per capita in the world, at 120.5 guns for every 100 people. Debates regarding firearm availability and gun violence in the United States have been characterized by concerns about the right to bear arms, such as found in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the responsibility of the United States government to serve the needs of its citizens and to prevent crime and deaths. Firearms regulation supporters say that indiscriminate or unrestricted gun rights inhibit the government from fulfilling that responsibility, and causes a safety concern. Gun rights supporters promote firearms for self-defense – including , as well as hunting and sporting activities. Firearms regulation advocates state that restricting and tracking gun access would result in safer communities, while gun rights advocates state that increased firearm ownership by law-abiding citizens reduces crime and assert that criminals have always had easy access to firearms. Gun legislation in the United States is augmented by judicial interpretations of the Constitution. The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reads: "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." In 1791, the United States adopted the Second Amendment, and in 1868 adopted the Fourteenth Amendment. The effect of those two amendments on gun politics was the subject of landmark U.S. Supreme Court decisions in District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), where the Court affirmed for the first time that the Second Amendment guarantees an individual right to possess firearms independent of service in a state militia and to use them for traditionally lawful purposes such as self-defense within the home, and in McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010), where the Court ruled that the Second Amendment is incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and thereby applies to both state and federal law. In so doing, it endorsed the "individual-right" theory of the Second Amendment's meaning and rejected a rival interpretation, the "collective-right" theory, according to which the amendment protects a collective right of states to maintain militias or an individual right to keep and bear arms in connection with service in a militia. سياسة السلاح هي أحد مجالات السياسة الأمريكية التي تحددها أيديولوجيتان رئيسيتان متعارضتان حول ملكية الأسلحة المدنية. يدعم الأشخاص الذين يدافعون عن الحد من الأسلحة تقوية اللوائح المتعلقة بملكية السلاح؛ ويعارض الأشخاص الذين يدافعون عن حق امتلاك وحمل السلاح اللوائح الجديدة أو يدعمون تخفيف القيود المتعلقة بملكية السلاح. تختلف هذه المجموعات غالبًا حول تفسير القوانين وقضايا المحاكم المتعلقة بالأسلحة النارية، وحول آثار تنظيم الأسلحة النارية على الجريمة والسلامة العامة. تشير التقديرات إلى أن المدنيين الأمريكيين يمتلكون 393 مليون سلاح ناري، وأن 35% إلى 42% من الأسر في الدولة لديها سلاح واحد على الأقل. تمتلك الولايات المتحدة حتى الآن أعلى رقم تقديري للأسلحة النارية لكل فرد في العالم، والذي يبلغ 120.5 سلاح ناري لكل 100 شخص. اتسمت المناقشات المتعلقة بتوافر الأسلحة النارية والعنف المسلح في الولايات المتحدة بالمخاوف بشأن حق الاحتفاظ بالأسلحة وحملها، مثل الموجودة في التعديل الثاني لدستور الولايات المتحدة، ومسؤولية حكومة الولايات المتحدة عن خدمة احتياجات مواطنيها ومنع الجريمة والوفيات. يقول مؤيدو تنظيم الأسلحة النارية أن حقوق السلاح العشوائية أو غير المقيدة تمنع الحكومة من الوفاء بهذه المسؤولية، وتسبب مخاوف تتعلق بالسلامة. يروج مؤيدو حقوق السلاح للأسلحة النارية للدفاع عن النفس بما في ذلك الأمن ضد الاستبداد، بالإضافة إلى أنشطة الصيد والرماية. ينص دعاة تنظيم الأسلحة النارية على أن تقييد الوصول إلى الأسلحة وتعقبه سيؤدي إلى مجتمعات أكثر أمانًا؛ ويقول المدافعون عن حقوق الأسلحة أن زيادة ملكية الأسلحة النارية من قبل المواطنين الملتزمين بالقانون تقلل من الجريمة؛ ويؤكدون أن المجرمين تمتعوا بشكل دائم بسهولة الوصول إلى الأسلحة النارية. تُعزَّز التشريعات المتعلقة بالأسلحة النارية في الولايات المتحدة من خلال التفسيرات القضائية للدستور. ينص التعديل الثاني لدستور الولايات المتحدة على ما يلي: «لا يجوز انتهاك الميليشيا المنظمة جيدًا، كونها ضرورية لأمن دولة حرة، ولا يجوز انتهاك حق الناس في الاحتفاظ بالأسلحة وحملها». اعتمدت الولايات المتحدة التعديل الثاني في عام 1791، واعتمدت التعديل الرابع عشر في عام 1868. كان تأثير هذين التعديلين على سياسة الأسلحة موضوع قرارات تاريخية للمحكمة العليا الأمريكية في قضية مقاطعة كولومبيا ضد هيلر (2008)، إذ أكدت المحكمة لأول مرة أن التعديل الثاني يضمن حق الفرد في امتلاك أسلحة نارية مستقلة عن الخدمة في ميليشيا الدولة، واستخدامها لأغراض مشروعة تقليديًا مثل الدفاع عن النفس داخل المنزل، وفي قضية ماكدونالد ضد مدينة شيكاغو (2010)، عندما قضت المحكمة بأن التعديل الثاني مدرج في بند الإجراءات القانونية الواجبة في التعديل الرابع عشر؛ وبالتالي ينطبق على كل من قانون الولاية والقانون الفيدرالي. أيدت المحكمة ما يسمى بنظرية «الحق الفردي» لمعنى التعديل الثاني ورفضت تفسيرًا منافسًا، وهو نظرية «الحق الجماعي»، والتي بموجبها يحمي التعديل حقًا جماعيًا للدول في الاحتفاظ بميليشيات أو حقًا فرديًا في الاحتفاظ بالأسلحة وحملها بشكل يرتبط مع الخدمة في الميليشيا. Cet article fait état du contrôle des armes à feu aux États-Unis. Le droit de posséder une arme à feu est garanti par le Deuxième amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis. Cependant, la branche législative de chaque État fédéré, et dans une certaine mesure des gouvernements locaux (comtés, villes indépendantes), peut établir les lois et ordonnances encadrant la possession et le port d'armes à feu, dissimulées ou non. Das Waffenrecht in den Vereinigten Staaten ist bestimmt vom stark ausgeprägten US-Föderalismus und ändert sich oft. Mit Stand von Anfang des Jahres 2012 gab es mehr als 20.000 Gesetze zum Waffenbesitz. Das Recht, Waffen zu besitzen, ist durch den 2. Zusatzartikel zur Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten garantiert. Es ist sowohl für das Milizwesen und das Jagdwesen von großer Bedeutung. Die Details sind aufgrund der allgemeinen Formulierungen in der Tradition des angelsächsischen Common Law umstritten. Waffenbesitzer sind in den USA stark organisiert; mit mehreren Millionen Mitgliedern ist die National Rifle Association of America (NRA) als Interessengruppe auch international bekannt. Insgesamt stellt das Waffenrecht vor allem im Zusammenhang mit der Kriminalität und der Suizidrate sowohl national als auch international eine der größten Kontroversen der US-amerikanischen Politik dar. Auf Bundesebene regeln hauptsächlich drei Rechtsquellen das Waffenrecht: Der National Firearms Act von 1934, der Gun Control Act von 1968 und der Zweite Zusatzartikel zur Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten von 1791. Im Laufe der Zeit wurden weitere Waffengesetze erlassen, die diese Gesetze geändert oder weitere Beschränkungen gesetzt haben. La politica delle armi negli Stati Uniti è un ambito della politica americana definita dalla contrapposizione di due principali ideologie sulla disciplina, commercio e possesso delle armi da fuoco, soprattutto da parte di privati cittadini. A política de armas é uma área da política americana definida por duas ideologias opostas primárias sobre a posse de armas civis. As pessoas que defendem o controle de armas apoiam o aumento das regulamentações relacionadas à posse de armas; as pessoas que defendem os direitos das armas apoiam a diminuição dos regulamentos relacionados à propriedade das armas. Esses grupos frequentemente discordam da interpretação de leis e processos judiciais relacionados a armas de fogo, bem como dos efeitos do regulamento sobre armas de fogo no crime e na segurança pública. Estima-se que os e que 35% a 42% das famílias no país tenham pelo menos uma arma. Os EUA têm o maior número estimado de armas per capita, com 120,5 armas para cada 100 pessoas. A Segunda Emenda da Constituição dos Estados Unidos diz: "Uma milícia bem regulamentada, sendo necessária à segurança de um Estado livre, o direito do povo de manter e portar armas, não será infringida". Os debates sobre a disponibilidade de armas de fogo e a violência armada nos Estados Unidos foram caracterizados por preocupações sobre o direito de portar armas, como as encontradas na Segunda Emenda à Constituição dos EUA, a responsabilidade do governo dos Estados Unidos de atender às necessidades de seus cidadãos e para prevenir crimes e mortes. Os partidários do regulamento de armas de fogo dizem que os direitos indiscriminados ou irrestritos às armas inibem o governo de cumprir essa responsabilidade e causam problemas de segurança. Os defensores dos direitos das armas promovem armas de fogo para autodefesa — incluindo segurança contra a tirania, além de atividades de caça e esporte. Os defensores do regulamento de armas de fogo afirmam que restringir e rastrear o acesso às armas resultaria em comunidades mais seguras, enquanto os defensores dos direitos das armas afirmam que o aumento da posse de armas de fogo por cidadãos cumpridores da lei reduz o crime e afirma que os criminosos sempre tiveram acesso fácil a eles. armas de fogo. A legislação sobre armas, ou não legislação, nos Estados Unidos, é aumentada por interpretações judiciais da Constituição. Em 1791, os Estados Unidos adotaram a Segunda Emenda, e em 1868 adotaram a . O efeito dessas duas emendas na política de armas foi objeto de decisões históricas da Suprema Corte dos EUA em 2008 e 2010, que mantiveram o direito dos indivíduos de possuir armas para autodefesa. 槍支管制的相關政策一直是美國政治中的爭議議題。持枪权的支持者和枪支管制的支持者(不等同反對持枪权)在该问题上分歧很大,经常在枪支管制、枪支造成和预防犯罪、公共安全等问题上争论不休。
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