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تاريخ مومباي 孟买历史 History of Mumbai Sejarah Mumbai
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现在的孟买起初是七个小岛组成的一个群岛。 在孟买北部Kandivali附近发现的人造器物显示这些岛屿自从石器时代已经有人居住。 最早的文字记载可以追溯到公元前250年,来到这里的古希腊人将这里称为“海薄达埃希亚”(Heptanesia),意即七个岛。公元前3世纪,这些岛屿是孔雀王朝的一部分,由信奉佛教的皇帝阿育王统治。后来印度教的统治这些岛屿,直到1343年被穆斯林的古吉拉特王国吞并。群岛上一些最古老的大厦– 象岛石窟和可以追溯到这一时期。初到此地的希腊人称孟买地区为,意即“七个岛”,因为此处海边有7个相邻很近的岛屿。 Sejarah Mumbai meliputi pertumbuhan kum,pulan di pesisir barat India menjadi ibu kota komersial negara tersebut, dan salah satu kota terpadat di dunia. Meskipun tempat tinggal manusia telah ada sejak , , sebuah komunitas perikanan Marathi, merupakan pemukim terawal yang diketahui dari kepulauan tersebut. Kekaisaran Maurya memegang kontrol atas kepulauan tersebut pada abad ke-3 SM, dan menjadikannya pusat budaya dan agama Hindu dan Buddha. Kemudian, antara abad ke-2 SM dan abad ke-9 M, kepulauan tersebut berada di bawah kontrol secara berturut-turut: , , , , Konkan Maurya, Chalukya dan Rashtrakuta, sebelum diperintah oleh dari 810 sampai 1260. Indigenous tribals have inhabited Mumbai (Bombay) since the Stone Age. The Kolis and Aagri (a Marathi-Konkani people) were the earliest known settlers of the islands. The Maurya Empire gained control of the islands during the 3rd century BCE and transformed them into a centre of Hindu-Buddhist culture and religion. Later, between the 2nd century BCE and 10th century CE, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous dynasties: the Satavahanas, Abhiras, Vakatakas, Kalachuris, Konkan Mauryas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Silharas& Cholas. يعود تاريخ الاستيطان البشري في مومباي إلى العصر الحجري، كان شعب كولي –ولهجة أغري (مجتمع من المراثيين صيادي الأسماك) أول شعب استوطن تلك الجزر. تمكنت الإمبراطورية الماورية من فرض سيطرتها على الجزر خلال القرن الثالث قبل الميلاد، وحوّلتها إلى مركزٍ للثقافة والديانة البوذية. لاحقًا، وبين القرنين الثاني قبل الميلاد والتاسع ميلادي، خضعت الجزر لسيطرة سلالات متعاقبة من السكان الأصليين: بدءًا بإمبراطورية ساتافاهانا ثم قبيلة أبيرا وسلالة فاكاتاكا وسلالة كالاتشوري وموريو كونكان وسلالة تشالوكيا وراشتراكوتاس، قبل أن تخضع لحكم سلالة سلاهارا من عام 810 حتى عام 1260.
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Indigenous tribals have inhabited Mumbai (Bombay) since the Stone Age. The Kolis and Aagri (a Marathi-Konkani people) were the earliest known settlers of the islands. The Maurya Empire gained control of the islands during the 3rd century BCE and transformed them into a centre of Hindu-Buddhist culture and religion. Later, between the 2nd century BCE and 10th century CE, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous dynasties: the Satavahanas, Abhiras, Vakatakas, Kalachuris, Konkan Mauryas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Silharas& Cholas. Rajendra Chola's conquest over Mumbai which was at that time 7 islands was mentioned in the meikeerti of Rajendra Chola ..... Bhima of Mahikavati established a small kingdom in the area during the late 13th century, and brought settlers. The Delhi Sultanate captured the islands in 1348, and they were later passed to the Sultanate of Guzerat from 1391. The Treaty of Bassein (1534) between the Portuguese viceroy Nuno da Cunha and Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, placed the islands into Portuguese possession in 1534. The islands suffered the , and the Mughal invasions of Konkan (1684) towards the end of 17th century. During the English East India Company's rule in mid-18th century, it emerged as an important port city, having maritime trade contacts with Mecca, Basra etc. Economic development characterised British Bombay in the 19th century, the first-ever Indian railway line commenced operations between Bombay harbour and Taana city in 1853. Since the early 1900s, the city has also the home base of the Bollywood film industry. The city became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century, it was the centre of the Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919 and Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946. After India's independence in 1947, the territory of Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. The area of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into Bombay State. In 1960, following protests from the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, the city was incorporated into the newly created Maharashtra state from Bombay state. The Bombay metro area faced some unfortunate events like the inter-communal riots of 1992–93, while the 1993 Mumbai bombings caused extensive loss of life and property. Bombay was renamed Mumbai on 6 March 1996. يعود تاريخ الاستيطان البشري في مومباي إلى العصر الحجري، كان شعب كولي –ولهجة أغري (مجتمع من المراثيين صيادي الأسماك) أول شعب استوطن تلك الجزر. تمكنت الإمبراطورية الماورية من فرض سيطرتها على الجزر خلال القرن الثالث قبل الميلاد، وحوّلتها إلى مركزٍ للثقافة والديانة البوذية. لاحقًا، وبين القرنين الثاني قبل الميلاد والتاسع ميلادي، خضعت الجزر لسيطرة سلالات متعاقبة من السكان الأصليين: بدءًا بإمبراطورية ساتافاهانا ثم قبيلة أبيرا وسلالة فاكاتاكا وسلالة كالاتشوري وموريو كونكان وسلالة تشالوكيا وراشتراكوتاس، قبل أن تخضع لحكم سلالة سلاهارا من عام 810 حتى عام 1260. أسس الملك فيمديف مملكته في المنطقة في أواخر القرن الثالث عشر، وجلب العديد من المستوطنين إلى الجزر. استولى الحكام المسلمون في كجرات على الجزر عام 1348، وحكموا المنطقة لاحقًا عبر سلطنة كجرات منذ العام 1391 وحتى 1534. إثر معاهدة باسن بين نائب الملك البرتغالي نونو دا كونا وبهادر شاه سلطنة كجرات، وُضعت الجزر ضمن الممتلكات البرتغالية عام 1534. عانت الجزر من توغلات سلطنة مغول الهند بحلول نهاية القرن السابع عشر، خلال منتصف القرن الثامن عشر، برزت المدينة بصفتها بلدة تجارية مهمة، وكان لها تجارة بحرية مع مدينتي مكة والبصرة. اتسم النمو الاقتصادي والتعليمي في المدينة خلال القرن التاسع عشر بإنشاء أول خطٍ هندي للسكك الحديدية ربط بين مومباي ومدينة ثين المجاورة عام 1853. أصبحت المدينة قاعدة قوية لحركة الاستقلال الهندية خلال أوائل القرن العشرين، وكانت مركز حركة عدم التعاون عام 1919 ومركز عصيان البحرية الهندية الملكية عام 1946. عقب استقلال الهند عام 1947، حافظت السلطة على مقر الرئاسة في مومباي وأعادت تشييده في ولاية مومباي. توسعت حدود ولاية مومباي، وبعد انضمام عدد من الولايات الأميرية السابقة إلى الاتحاد الهندي، دُمجت تلك الولايات مع ولاية مومباي. في عام 1960، وعقب احتجاجات حركة ساميوكتا ماهاراشترا، أُلحقت المدينة بولاية ماهاراشترا المنشأة حديثًا لتصبح تحت سيطرتها. واجهت المدينة عددًا من الحوادث المؤسفة، مثل أعمال شغب مومباي بين عامي 1992 و1993، بينما أدى قصف بومباي عام 1993 إلى خسارة كبيرة في الأرواح والممتلكات. أُعيدت تسمية المدينة مومباي في السادس من شهر مارس عام 1996. Sejarah Mumbai meliputi pertumbuhan kum,pulan di pesisir barat India menjadi ibu kota komersial negara tersebut, dan salah satu kota terpadat di dunia. Meskipun tempat tinggal manusia telah ada sejak , , sebuah komunitas perikanan Marathi, merupakan pemukim terawal yang diketahui dari kepulauan tersebut. Kekaisaran Maurya memegang kontrol atas kepulauan tersebut pada abad ke-3 SM, dan menjadikannya pusat budaya dan agama Hindu dan Buddha. Kemudian, antara abad ke-2 SM dan abad ke-9 M, kepulauan tersebut berada di bawah kontrol secara berturut-turut: , , , , Konkan Maurya, Chalukya dan Rashtrakuta, sebelum diperintah oleh dari 810 sampai 1260. mendirikan kerajaannya di wilayah tersebut pada akhir abad ke-13, dan mengirimkan beberapa pemukim ke kepulauan tersebut. Para penguasa Muslim Gujarat menaklukan kepulauan tersebut pada 1348, dan kemudian diperintah oleh dari 1391 sampai 1534. antara viceroy Portugis dan dari Kesultanan Gujarat membuat kepulauan tersebut berada di bawah kekuasaan Portugis pada 1534. Kepulauan tersebut mengalami serangan dari Mughal sampai akhir abad ke-17. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18, kota tersebut menjadi kota dagang penting, dengan kontrak-kontrak dagang dengan Mekkah dan Basra. Perkembangan ekonomi dan pendidikan terlihat di kota tersebut pada abad ke-19 dengan jalur kereta pertama di India yang mulai beroperasi antara Mumbai dan wilayah tetangganya Thane pada 1853. Kota tersebut menjadi basis kuat bagi gerakan kemerdekaan India pada awal abad ke-20 dan menjadi episentrum 1919 dan 1946. Setelah kemerdekaan India pada 1947, teritorial Kepresidenan Bombay dipegang oleh India dan dijadikan . Wilayah Negara Bagian Bombay meningkat, setelah beberapa wilayah kerajaan lainnya yang bergabung dengan uni India dimasukkan dalan Negara Bagian Bombay. Pada 1960, setelah unjuk rasa dari , kota tersebut dimasukkan dalam dominion Negara Bagian Maharashtra yang baru dibuat dari . 现在的孟买起初是七个小岛组成的一个群岛。 在孟买北部Kandivali附近发现的人造器物显示这些岛屿自从石器时代已经有人居住。 最早的文字记载可以追溯到公元前250年,来到这里的古希腊人将这里称为“海薄达埃希亚”(Heptanesia),意即七个岛。公元前3世纪,这些岛屿是孔雀王朝的一部分,由信奉佛教的皇帝阿育王统治。后来印度教的统治这些岛屿,直到1343年被穆斯林的古吉拉特王国吞并。群岛上一些最古老的大厦– 象岛石窟和可以追溯到这一时期。初到此地的希腊人称孟买地区为,意即“七个岛”,因为此处海边有7个相邻很近的岛屿。
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