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История Северной Каролины History of North Carolina Geschichte North Carolinas ノースカロライナ州の歴史 Histoire de la Caroline du Nord
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Die Geschichte North Carolinas umfasst die Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates North Carolina von der Urgeschichte bis zur Gegenwart. Sie beginnt mit der durch Artefakte und Ausgrabungen belegten vorgeschichtlichen Besiedlung der Region durch amerikanische Ureinwohner. Europäer betraten das Gebiet erstmals 1524, die eigentliche Geschichtsschreibung beginnt mit der Kolonisation der Region durch britische Siedler um 1580. Die erste Kolonie wurde auf der Insel Roanoke begründet. North Carolina ist eine der ursprünglichen Dreizehn Kolonien und wurde nach dem englischen König Karl I. (lateinisch: Carolus) benannt. Bis 1729 existierte die Provinz Carolina, die später in zwei Teile zerfiel, die heute die Staaten North und South Carolina bilden. Nach der Unabhängigkeit Исто́рия Се́верной Кароли́ны включает в себя события от доколониальной истории до современности, происходившие на территории современного американского штата Северная Каролина. Самые ранние следы присутствия человека, относящиеся примерно к 8000 году до н. э., обнаружены на археологическом объекте . Период истории от 1000 года до н. э. и до появления европейцев сейчас известен как Вудлендский период. Именно в этот период расцветала Миссисипская культура, которая распространялась и на территорию Северной Каролины. Исторически в регионе были зафиксированы племена так называемых , которых встретили первые европейцы. Помимо них, в регионе обитали носители ирокезских языков и представители юго-восточной группы языков сиу. The history of North Carolina from pre-colonial history to the present, covers the experiences of the people who have lived within the territory that now comprises the U.S. state of North Carolina. Findings of the earliest discovered human settlements in present day North Carolina, are found at the Hardaway Site, dating back to approximately 8000 BC. From around 1000 BC, until the time of European contact, is the time period known as the Woodland period. It was during this time period, that the Mississippian culture of Native American civilization flourished, which included areas of North Carolina. Historically documented tribes in the North Carolina region include the Carolina Algonquian-speaking tribes of the coastal areas, such as the Chowanoke, Roanoke, Pamlico, Machapunga, Coree, and ノースカロライナ州の歴史(ノースカロライナしゅうのれきし、英:History of North Carolina)では、現在のアメリカ合衆国ノースカロライナ州に、イギリス人が植民地を建設し始めてからの歴史を概説する。 Cet article retrace l'Histoire de la Caroline du Nord depuis sa découverte par les européens en 1512.
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Исто́рия Се́верной Кароли́ны включает в себя события от доколониальной истории до современности, происходившие на территории современного американского штата Северная Каролина. Самые ранние следы присутствия человека, относящиеся примерно к 8000 году до н. э., обнаружены на археологическом объекте . Период истории от 1000 года до н. э. и до появления европейцев сейчас известен как Вудлендский период. Именно в этот период расцветала Миссисипская культура, которая распространялась и на территорию Северной Каролины. Исторически в регионе были зафиксированы племена так называемых , которых встретили первые европейцы. Помимо них, в регионе обитали носители ирокезских языков и представители юго-восточной группы языков сиу. Первой попыткой колонизации Северной Каролины стало основание сэром Уолтером Рэли в 1585—1587 годах колонии Роанок, известной как «Потерянная колония». Провинция Каролина появилась около 1629 года, хотя официально она стала провинцией только в 1663 году. В 1712 году она была разделена на две части, что сформировало границы колонии Северная Каролина. В 1729 году она стала королевской колонией Британской империи. В 1776 году колония объявила о независимости. 21 ноября 1789 года Северная Каролина стала 12-м штатом, который ратифицировал Конституцию США. Споры вокруг рабства, которое существовало в Северной Каролине с колониальных времён, привели к Гражданской войне в США. 20 мая 1861 года Северная Каролина объявила о выходе из состава США и стала последним штатом, который присоединился к Конфедеративным Штатам Америки. После завершения войны Каролина была принята обратно в Союз 4 июля 1868 года. 6 декабря 1865 года была ратифицирована Прокламация об освобождении рабов. После завершения Реконструкции Юга белые демократы снова оказались у власти в штате. В 1900-х годах ими были проведены Законы Джима Кроу, отстранившие от голосования многих малоимущих белых и лишившие права голоса афроамериканцев. Эти же законы ввели в штате расовую сегрегацию. 17 декабря 1903 года в Килл-Девил-Хилс братья Райт впервые подняли в воздух летательный аппарат тяжелее воздуха. В конце XIX и начале XX века Северная Каролина стала превращаться из преимущественно аграрного штата в индустриальный. В это время были основаны многие табачные и текстильные фабрики, особенно в предгорных районах штата. Великая депрессия тяжело ударила по экономике штата, но проекты Нового курса Рузвельта помогли ей восстановиться. Экономика снова расцвела после окончания Второй мировой войны. В годы борьбы за гражданские права в Гринсборо по инициативе студентов-афроамериканцев начался процесс десегрегации, который распространился на другие города штата. В 1990-х годах Шарлотт стал главным банковским центром штата и США. В конце XX и начале XXI века население штата стало расти по мере урбанизации и экономического роста. Cet article retrace l'Histoire de la Caroline du Nord depuis sa découverte par les européens en 1512. ノースカロライナ州の歴史(ノースカロライナしゅうのれきし、英:History of North Carolina)では、現在のアメリカ合衆国ノースカロライナ州に、イギリス人が植民地を建設し始めてからの歴史を概説する。 The history of North Carolina from pre-colonial history to the present, covers the experiences of the people who have lived within the territory that now comprises the U.S. state of North Carolina. Findings of the earliest discovered human settlements in present day North Carolina, are found at the Hardaway Site, dating back to approximately 8000 BC. From around 1000 BC, until the time of European contact, is the time period known as the Woodland period. It was during this time period, that the Mississippian culture of Native American civilization flourished, which included areas of North Carolina. Historically documented tribes in the North Carolina region include the Carolina Algonquian-speaking tribes of the coastal areas, such as the Chowanoke, Roanoke, Pamlico, Machapunga, Coree, and Cape Fear Indians – these Natives were the first encountered by English colonists. Other tribes included the Iroquoian-speaking Meherrin, Cherokee, and Tuscarora in the interior part of the state. There were also Southeastern Siouan-speaking tribes, such as the Cheraw, Waxhaw, Saponi, Waccamaw, and Catawba. The earliest English attempt at colonization was the Roanoke Colony in 1585, the famed "Lost Colony" of Sir Walter Raleigh. The Province of Carolina would come about in 1629, however it was not an official province until 1663. It would later split in 1712, helping form the Province of North Carolina. North Carolina is named after King Charles I of England, who first formed the English colony. It would become a royal colony of the British Empire in 1729. In 1776, the colony would declare independence from Great Britain. The Halifax Resolves resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776, was the first formal call for independence from Great Britain among the American Colonies during the American Revolution. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution. From colonial times, through the American Civil War, slavery was legal in North Carolina. Tensions on the issue of slavery would lead as the main cause of the Civil War. North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20, 1861. Following the Civil War, North Carolina was restored to the Union on July 4, 1868. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified December 6, 1865, ending legal slavery in the United States. After the Reconstruction era, white Democrats gained control of the state's political system. In the 1890s, white Democrats would pass Jim Crow laws hindering many poor whites from voting and effectively disfranchised African Americans from voting. Jim Crow laws also enforced racial segregation. These laws were upheld until federal legislation was passed in the 1960s. On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world's first powered heavier-than-air-aircraft at Kill Devil Hills, in the Outer Banks of North Carolina. During the late 19th and early 20th century, North Carolina would start its shift from mainly an agricultural based economy, to industrialization, adding many more new job occupations throughout the state. Many tobacco and textile mills started to form around this time, especially in the Piedmont region of the state. Also the furniture industry would become an economic boom for North Carolina for most of the 20th century. The Great Depression in the 1930s would hit the North Carolina economy hard, however New Deal projects would help the state recover. Following World War II, North Carolina started to see more economic diversification, with more industries helping fuel state growth in the following decades. During the mid-20th Century, Research Triangle Park, the largest research park in the United States, was established in 1959 near Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill. During the Civil Rights Movement, the Greensboro sit-ins led by African American students, lead to Greensboro businesses desegregating their lunch counters. This movement also spread to many other cities in America, helping end racial segregation policies. During the 1960s, passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 enabled African Americans to have a voice in society and political life. By the late 20th century, industries such as technology, pharmaceuticals, banking, food processing, and vehicle parts started to emerge as main economic drivers within the state, a shift from the states former main industries of tobacco, textiles, and furniture. The main factors in this shift were globalization, the state's higher education system, national banking, the transformation of agriculture, and new companies moving to the state. During the 1990s, Charlotte had become a major regional and national banking center. Through the late 20th century and into the 21st century, North Carolina's metropolitan areas continued to urbanize and grow. This led to many migrants coming to North Carolina from both within the United States and internationally. Die Geschichte North Carolinas umfasst die Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates North Carolina von der Urgeschichte bis zur Gegenwart. Sie beginnt mit der durch Artefakte und Ausgrabungen belegten vorgeschichtlichen Besiedlung der Region durch amerikanische Ureinwohner. Europäer betraten das Gebiet erstmals 1524, die eigentliche Geschichtsschreibung beginnt mit der Kolonisation der Region durch britische Siedler um 1580. Die erste Kolonie wurde auf der Insel Roanoke begründet. North Carolina ist eine der ursprünglichen Dreizehn Kolonien und wurde nach dem englischen König Karl I. (lateinisch: Carolus) benannt. Bis 1729 existierte die Provinz Carolina, die später in zwei Teile zerfiel, die heute die Staaten North und South Carolina bilden. Nach der Unabhängigkeitserklärung und der Loslösung der Provinz von der britischen Krone wurde North Carolina zum 12. Staat der Union. Während des Sezessionskriegs stellte sich North Carolina als traditioneller Sklavenhalterstaat am 20. Mai 1861 auf die Seite der Konföderierten Staaten von Amerika und hielt auch nach Wiedereintritt in die Union am 4. Juli 1868 bis ins 20. Jahrhundert an der Rassentrennung fest. In Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, fand 1903 der erste erfolgreiche Flug der Gebrüder Wright statt. Bis ins beginnenden 21. Jahrhundert wandelte sich das Bild des landwirtschaftlich geprägten Staates aufgrund verschiedener politischer Maßnahmen hin zu einem aufstrebenden und wirtschaftlich erfolgreichen Teil der Vereinigten Staaten.
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