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Subject Item
dbr:History_of_mental_disorders
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精神保健の歴史 History of mental disorders تاريخ الاضطرابات النفسية Histoire des troubles mentaux Storia dei disturbi mentali
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فُسرت الاضطرابات النفسية على مدار التاريخ استنادًا إلى ثلاثة نماذج، وهي: النموذج الخارق للطبيعة، والنموذج الحيوي، والنموذج النفسي. اُعتبرت السلوكيات المنحرفة في معظم عصور التاريخ ذات طبيعة خارقة وانعكاس للصراع بين الخير والشر. إذ كان الإنسان يعتقد قديمًا أن التصرفات اللاعقلانية التي ليس لها تفسير والاضطراب والمعاناة سببها الشر. في الواقع، كانت جميع الاضطرابات العقلية والجسدية تُعزى لفعل الشيطان في الإمبراطورية الفارسية في الفترة 550-330 ق.م. بحث الإنسان عن الأسباب المادية للعلل النفسية على مدار التاريخ، ومن أهم علماء الطب النفسي في العصور القديمة أبقراط الذي اكتشف أن الزهري مرض جسدي ولذا كان من أوائل المؤيدين لفكرة الأصل الحيوي للاضطرابات النفسية. مهد هذا النهج إلى طرق إعادة التأهيل النفسي الحديثة التي تسعى للوصول لأسباب العلل النفسية بالتركيز على العوامل الاجتماعية والثقافية والسيكولوجية. L'histoire des troubles mentaux remonte à de nombreux siècles, de l'ère préhistorique jusqu'à l'époque actuelle et moderne. De nombreux peuples, de diverses cultures, ont donné leurs opinions et leur perception sur ce qu'étaient les troubles mentaux. De grands penseurs tels que Platon ou Socrate se sont penchés sur ces anomalies mentales. 精神保健の歴史(せいしんほけんのれきし、英語: History of Mental health)では、精神保健、精神医学、精神障害の歴史について記述する。 「社会福祉の年表」、「精神医学#歴史」、および「en:History of psychiatric institutions」も参照 Historically, mental disorders have had three major explanations, namely, the supernatural, biological and psychological models. For much of recorded history, deviant behavior has been considered supernatural and a reflection of the battle between good and evil. When confronted with unexplainable, irrational behavior and by suffering and upheaval, people have perceived evil. In fact, in the Persian Empire from 550 to 330 B.C., all physical and mental disorders were considered the work of the devil. Physical causes of mental disorders have been sought in history. Hippocrates was important in this tradition as he identified syphilis as a disease and was, therefore, an early proponent of the idea that psychological disorders are biologically caused. This was a precursor to modern psycho-socia La storia dei disturbi mentali risale all'antichità e, secondo certe fonti, addirittura all'epoca preistorica dell'umanità. Molti popoli, provenienti da culture assai differenziate, hanno espresso le loro opinioni e percezioni su quali fossero da considerarsi dei disturbi mentali; gli stessi pensatori classici come Socrate e Platone hanno esaminato queste anomalie mentali.
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فُسرت الاضطرابات النفسية على مدار التاريخ استنادًا إلى ثلاثة نماذج، وهي: النموذج الخارق للطبيعة، والنموذج الحيوي، والنموذج النفسي. اُعتبرت السلوكيات المنحرفة في معظم عصور التاريخ ذات طبيعة خارقة وانعكاس للصراع بين الخير والشر. إذ كان الإنسان يعتقد قديمًا أن التصرفات اللاعقلانية التي ليس لها تفسير والاضطراب والمعاناة سببها الشر. في الواقع، كانت جميع الاضطرابات العقلية والجسدية تُعزى لفعل الشيطان في الإمبراطورية الفارسية في الفترة 550-330 ق.م. بحث الإنسان عن الأسباب المادية للعلل النفسية على مدار التاريخ، ومن أهم علماء الطب النفسي في العصور القديمة أبقراط الذي اكتشف أن الزهري مرض جسدي ولذا كان من أوائل المؤيدين لفكرة الأصل الحيوي للاضطرابات النفسية. مهد هذا النهج إلى طرق إعادة التأهيل النفسي الحديثة التي تسعى للوصول لأسباب العلل النفسية بالتركيز على العوامل الاجتماعية والثقافية والسيكولوجية. كتب الفلاسفة البارزين مثل أفلاطون وأرسطو عن أهمية النزوات والأحلام، وبذلك ترقبوا نشوء مجالات علوم الإدراك والتحليل النفسي التي طُورت لاحقًا، وكانوا أول من يدافع عن فكرة معاملة من يعاني من اضطرابات نفسية بطريقة إنسانية ومسؤولة. Historically, mental disorders have had three major explanations, namely, the supernatural, biological and psychological models. For much of recorded history, deviant behavior has been considered supernatural and a reflection of the battle between good and evil. When confronted with unexplainable, irrational behavior and by suffering and upheaval, people have perceived evil. In fact, in the Persian Empire from 550 to 330 B.C., all physical and mental disorders were considered the work of the devil. Physical causes of mental disorders have been sought in history. Hippocrates was important in this tradition as he identified syphilis as a disease and was, therefore, an early proponent of the idea that psychological disorders are biologically caused. This was a precursor to modern psycho-social treatment approaches to the causation of psychopathology, with the focus on psychological, social and cultural factors. Well known philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, etc., wrote about the importance of fantasies, dreams, and thus anticipated, to some extent, the fields of psychoanalytic thought and cognitive science that were later developed. They were also some of the first to advocate for humane and responsible care for individuals with psychological disturbances. 精神保健の歴史(せいしんほけんのれきし、英語: History of Mental health)では、精神保健、精神医学、精神障害の歴史について記述する。 「社会福祉の年表」、「精神医学#歴史」、および「en:History of psychiatric institutions」も参照 La storia dei disturbi mentali risale all'antichità e, secondo certe fonti, addirittura all'epoca preistorica dell'umanità. Molti popoli, provenienti da culture assai differenziate, hanno espresso le loro opinioni e percezioni su quali fossero da considerarsi dei disturbi mentali; gli stessi pensatori classici come Socrate e Platone hanno esaminato queste anomalie mentali. L'histoire des troubles mentaux remonte à de nombreux siècles, de l'ère préhistorique jusqu'à l'époque actuelle et moderne. De nombreux peuples, de diverses cultures, ont donné leurs opinions et leur perception sur ce qu'étaient les troubles mentaux. De grands penseurs tels que Platon ou Socrate se sont penchés sur ces anomalies mentales.
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