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dbr:History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation
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تاريخ إمدادات المياه والصرف الصحي History of water supply and sanitation Histoire de l'approvisionnement en eau et assainissement
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L'histoire de l'approvisionnement en eau et de l'assainissement est celle d'un défi logistique pour fournir des systèmes d'eau potable et d'assainissement depuis l'aube de la civilisation. Là où les ressources en eau, les infrastructures ou les systèmes d'assainissement étaient insuffisants, les maladies se propageaient et les gens tombaient malades ou mouraient prématurément. The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. The historical focus of sewage treatment was on the conveyance of raw sewage to a natural body of water, e.g. a river or ocean, where it would be diluted and dissipated. Early human habitations were often built next to water sources. Rivers would often serve as a crude form of natural sewage disposal. يُعد تاريخ إمدادات المياه والصرف الصحي أحد التحديات اللوجستية المُواجهة لتأمين المياه النظيفة وشبكات الصرف الصحي منذ فجر الحضارة، حيث انتشرت الأمراض ومرض الناس أو ماتوا بسبب عدم كفاية الموارد المائية والبنية التحتية أو أنظمة الصرف الصحي. تطورت المستوطنات البشرية الرئيسية في البداية فقط حيث كانت المياه السطحية العذبة وفيرة، كالأنهار القريبة أو الينابيع الطبيعية مثلًا. ابتكر الناس على مر التاريخ أنظمة تُسهّل توصيل المياه إلى مجتمعاتهم وأسرهم، والتخلص من مياه الصرف الصحي (ومعالجتها لاحقًا أيضًا).
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يُعد تاريخ إمدادات المياه والصرف الصحي أحد التحديات اللوجستية المُواجهة لتأمين المياه النظيفة وشبكات الصرف الصحي منذ فجر الحضارة، حيث انتشرت الأمراض ومرض الناس أو ماتوا بسبب عدم كفاية الموارد المائية والبنية التحتية أو أنظمة الصرف الصحي. تطورت المستوطنات البشرية الرئيسية في البداية فقط حيث كانت المياه السطحية العذبة وفيرة، كالأنهار القريبة أو الينابيع الطبيعية مثلًا. ابتكر الناس على مر التاريخ أنظمة تُسهّل توصيل المياه إلى مجتمعاتهم وأسرهم، والتخلص من مياه الصرف الصحي (ومعالجتها لاحقًا أيضًا). انصب تركيز معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي عبر التاريخ على نقل مياه الصرف الصحي الخام إلى المسطحات المائية الطبيعية، كنهر أو محيط مثلًا، حيث يُخفف تركيزها فيه وتُبدد. غالبًا ما بُنيت مساكن البشر المبكرة بجوار موارد المياه. تُعد الأنهار شكلًا أوليًا للتخلص من مياه الصرف الصحي الطبيعية. زادت التكنولوجيا على مدى آلاف السنين المسافات التي يمكن نقل المياه عبرها بشكل كبير. علاوة على ذلك، حُسنت عمليات تنقية مياه الشرب ومعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي. L'histoire de l'approvisionnement en eau et de l'assainissement est celle d'un défi logistique pour fournir des systèmes d'eau potable et d'assainissement depuis l'aube de la civilisation. Là où les ressources en eau, les infrastructures ou les systèmes d'assainissement étaient insuffisants, les maladies se propageaient et les gens tombaient malades ou mouraient prématurément. Les grands établissements humains ne pouvaient initialement se développer que là où l'eau douce de surface était abondante, comme près des rivières ou des sources naturelles. Tout au long de l'histoire, les gens ont conçu des systèmes pour faciliter l'acheminement de l'eau dans leurs communautés et leurs foyers et l'élimination (et plus tard le traitement) des eaux usées. L'objectif historique du traitement des eaux usées était le transport des eaux usées brutes vers une masse d'eau naturelle, par exemple une rivière ou un océan, où elles seraient diluées et dissipées. Les premières habitations humaines étaient souvent construites à côté de sources d'eau. Les rivières servaient habituellement de forme brute d'évacuation naturelle des eaux usées. Au cours des millénaires, la technologie a considérablement augmenté les distances sur lesquelles l'eau peut être déplacée. De plus, les procédés de traitement pour purifier l'eau potable et pour traiter les eaux usées ont été améliorés. The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. Major human settlements could initially develop only where fresh surface water was plentiful, such as near rivers or natural springs. Throughout history, people have devised systems to make getting water into their communities and households and disposing of (and later also treating) wastewater more convenient. The historical focus of sewage treatment was on the conveyance of raw sewage to a natural body of water, e.g. a river or ocean, where it would be diluted and dissipated. Early human habitations were often built next to water sources. Rivers would often serve as a crude form of natural sewage disposal. Over the millennia, technology has dramatically increased the distances across which water can be relocated. Furthermore, treatment processes to purify drinking water and to treat wastewater have been improved.
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