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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Interwar_Britain
rdfs:label
بريطانيا ما بين الحربين Interwar Britain
rdfs:comment
بريطانيا ما بين الحربين (1918-1939)، فترة من السلام والركود الاقتصادي النسبي. سياسيًا، انهار الحزب الليبرالي وأصبح حزب العمال المنافس الرئيسي لحزب المحافظين البريطاني المهيمن طوال تلك الفترة. أثر الكساد الكبير على بريطانيا اقتصاديًا وسياسيًا بدرجة أقل من الدول الكبرى الأخرى، على الرغم من وجود بؤر شديدة من البطالة طويلة الأمد والمشقة، خاصة في مناطق المناجم وفي اسكتلندا وشمال غرب إنجلترا. In the United Kingdom, the interwar period (1918–1939) was a period of relative stability after the division of Ireland, though of economic stagnation. In politics, the Liberal Party collapsed and the Labour Party became the main challenger to the dominant Conservative Party throughout the period. The Great Depression affected Britain less severely economically and politically than other major nations, although some areas still suffered from severe long-term unemployment and hardship, especially mining districts and in Scotland and North West England.
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Interwar Britain
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dbp:yearEnd
1939
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1918
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dbr:History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War
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1939-09-03
dbp:leaders
Ramsay MacDonald David Lloyd George Bonar Law Neville Chamberlain Stanley Baldwin
dbp:monarch
George VI George V Edward VIII
dbp:start
1918-11-11
dbo:abstract
In the United Kingdom, the interwar period (1918–1939) was a period of relative stability after the division of Ireland, though of economic stagnation. In politics, the Liberal Party collapsed and the Labour Party became the main challenger to the dominant Conservative Party throughout the period. The Great Depression affected Britain less severely economically and politically than other major nations, although some areas still suffered from severe long-term unemployment and hardship, especially mining districts and in Scotland and North West England. Historian Arthur Marwick sees a radical transformation of British society resulting from the Great War, a deluge that swept away many old attitudes and brought in a more egalitarian society. He sees the famous literary pessimism of the 1920s as misplaced, arguing there were major positive long-term consequences of the war for British society. He points to an energised self-consciousness among workers that quickly built up the Labour Party, the coming of partial women's suffrage, and an acceleration of social reform and state control of the economy. He sees a decline of deference toward the aristocracy and established authority in general, and the weakening among youth of traditional restraints on individual moral behaviour. The chaperone faded away; village chemists sold contraceptives. Marwick says that class distinctions softened, national cohesion increased, and British society became more equal during the period. بريطانيا ما بين الحربين (1918-1939)، فترة من السلام والركود الاقتصادي النسبي. سياسيًا، انهار الحزب الليبرالي وأصبح حزب العمال المنافس الرئيسي لحزب المحافظين البريطاني المهيمن طوال تلك الفترة. أثر الكساد الكبير على بريطانيا اقتصاديًا وسياسيًا بدرجة أقل من الدول الكبرى الأخرى، على الرغم من وجود بؤر شديدة من البطالة طويلة الأمد والمشقة، خاصة في مناطق المناجم وفي اسكتلندا وشمال غرب إنجلترا. يرى المؤرخ آرثر مارويك تحولًا جذريًا في المجتمع البريطاني نتيجة الحرب العظمى (الحرب العالمية الأولى)، التي تُعتبر طوفانًا جرف العديد من المواقف القديمة، وجلب مجتمعًا أكثر مساواة. ويرى أن التشاؤم الأدبي الشهير في عشرينيات القرن الماضي في غير محله، بحجة وجود تبعات إيجابية طويلة الأمد للحرب على المجتمع البريطاني. ويشير إلى وجود وعي ذاتي نشط بين العمال الذين سرعان ما بنى حزب العمال البريطاني، وإلى ظهور الاقتراع الجزئي للمرأة، وتسريع الإصلاح الاجتماعي، وسيطرة الدولة على الاقتصاد. ويرى تراجعًا في احترام الطبقة الأرستقراطية والسلطة الراسخة بشكل عام، وضعف الشباب بين القيود التقليدية على السلوك الأخلاقي الفردي. تلاشت الوصاية، وباع صيادلة القرى وسائل منع الحمل. يقول مارويك أن الفروق الطبقية قلّت، وازداد التماسك الوطني، وأصبح المجتمع البريطاني أكثر مساواة.
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