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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Karl_Toman
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Karl Toman Karl Tomann Karl Toman
rdfs:comment
Karl Toman (2 January 1884 – 5 February 1950) was an Austrian politician and trade unionist. Toman hailed from a working-class family. He went on to become a metal industry worker. Toman joined the Social Democratic Labour Party of Austria in 1898. In the run-up to the First World War, Toman served as secretary of the Goldsmiths' Trade Union. He was taken as a prisoner of war in Russia, and went on to fight on the Soviet side in the Russian Civil War. Toman becoming a leading figure in the Communist Party of Austria. He served as general secretary of the party for a brief period in 1920. He belonged to the party leadership until 1924. Toman represented the Communist Party of Austria at the second (1920) and third congresses (1921) of the Communist International. He took part in the fifth c Karl Toman (2 Januari 1884 – 5 Februari 1950) adalah seorang politisi Austria dan pekerja serikat buruh. Toman berasal dari keluarga kelas pekerja. Dia kemudian menjadi pekerja industri logam. Toman bergabung dengan Partai Buruh Sosial Demokrat Austria pada tahun 1898. Menjelang Perang Dunia Pertama, Toman menjabat sebagai sekretaris Serikat Pekerja Goldsmiths. Dia ditangkap sebagai tahanan perang di Rusia, dan terus berperang di pihak Soviet dalam Perang Saudara Rusia. Toman menjadi tokoh terkemuka di Partai Komunis Austria. Dia menjabat sebagai sekretaris jenderal partai untuk periode yang singkat pada tahun 1920. Dia menjadi pimpinan partai sampai tahun 1924. Toman mewakili Partai Komunis Austria pada kongres kedua (1920) dan ketiga (1921) Komunis Internasional. Dia mengambil bagian dal Karl Tomann (* 2. Jänner 1884; † 5. Februar 1950 in der Sowjetunion) war ein österreichischer Politiker der Kommunistischen Partei Österreichs (KPÖ).
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dbo:abstract
Karl Toman (2 Januari 1884 – 5 Februari 1950) adalah seorang politisi Austria dan pekerja serikat buruh. Toman berasal dari keluarga kelas pekerja. Dia kemudian menjadi pekerja industri logam. Toman bergabung dengan Partai Buruh Sosial Demokrat Austria pada tahun 1898. Menjelang Perang Dunia Pertama, Toman menjabat sebagai sekretaris Serikat Pekerja Goldsmiths. Dia ditangkap sebagai tahanan perang di Rusia, dan terus berperang di pihak Soviet dalam Perang Saudara Rusia. Toman menjadi tokoh terkemuka di Partai Komunis Austria. Dia menjabat sebagai sekretaris jenderal partai untuk periode yang singkat pada tahun 1920. Dia menjadi pimpinan partai sampai tahun 1924. Toman mewakili Partai Komunis Austria pada kongres kedua (1920) dan ketiga (1921) Komunis Internasional. Dia mengambil bagian dalam kongres kelima Komunis Internasional pada tahun 1924 sebagai delegasi non-voting, mewakili minoritas internal partai di Austria. Ia dikeluarkan dari partai pada 31 Agustus 1924. Pada Agustus 1925 ia diterima kembali ke Partai Komunis sebagai anggota. Ia bekerja dengan (Profintern), diangkat menjadi sekretaris Sektor Serikat Buruh Partai Komunis pada tahun 1928. Pada kongres Profintern tahun 1930, yang diadakan di Moskow, Toman terpilih menjadi dewan pusat badan internasional. Dia pindah ke Moskow, bekerja sebagai instruktur di Departemen Organisasi Profintern. Relokasi Toman ke Uni Soviet dipandang sebagai cara untuk menyelesaikan friksi fraksional di dalam Partai Komunis Austria. Di Uni Soviet, Toman dituduh salah urus dana. Pada bulan September 1931 ia dipecat dari Profintern. Dia diberi pekerjaan baru di klub pelaut di Leningrad, secara politik diturunkan pangkatnya. Setelah kembali ke Austria pada tahun 1932, Toman akhirnya dicopot dari keanggotaan Partai Komunisnya. Toman bergabung dengan Sosialis Revolusioner pada tahun 1934. Dia ditahan di kamp penjara , tetapi dibebaskan pada tahun 1935. Setelah Anschluss (aneksasi Jerman atas Austria pada tahun 1938) Toman diancam dengan hukuman penjara di kamp konsentrasi Dachau. Namun dia mampu menegosiasikan pembebasan dari penangkaran, dengan alasan pengusirannya dari Partai Komunis. Dia melakukan sumpah kesetiaan kepada Jerman Nazi. Pada bulan April 1938, otoritas Jerman mengangkatnya sebagai anggota administrasi lokal . Pada Januari 1940 ia bergabung dengan Partai Buruh Sosialis Nasional Jerman (NSDAP) dan SA. Toman ditangkap oleh pasukan Soviet pada Mei 1945. Dia meninggal di Gulag Soviet pada 5 Februari 1950. Ada sangat sedikit kasus yang didokumentasikan dari mantan komunis Austria yang bergabung dengan NSDAP, Toman menjadi yang paling menonjol di antara mereka. Tidak banyak yang ditulis tentang perjalanan politik Toman, tetapi spekulasi mengarah pada oportunisme yang blak-blakan. Karl Toman (2 January 1884 – 5 February 1950) was an Austrian politician and trade unionist. Toman hailed from a working-class family. He went on to become a metal industry worker. Toman joined the Social Democratic Labour Party of Austria in 1898. In the run-up to the First World War, Toman served as secretary of the Goldsmiths' Trade Union. He was taken as a prisoner of war in Russia, and went on to fight on the Soviet side in the Russian Civil War. Toman becoming a leading figure in the Communist Party of Austria. He served as general secretary of the party for a brief period in 1920. He belonged to the party leadership until 1924. Toman represented the Communist Party of Austria at the second (1920) and third congresses (1921) of the Communist International. He took part in the fifth congress of the Communist International in 1924 as a non-voting delegate, representing of the inner-party minority in Austria. He was expelled from the party on August 31, 1924. In August 1925 he was readmitted to the Communist Party as a member. He worked with the Red International of Labour Unions (Profintern), having been appointed secretary of the Trade Union Sector of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in 1928. At the Profintern congress of 1930, held in Moscow, Toman was elected to the central council of the international body. He moved to Moscow, working as instructor at the Organizational Department of Profintern. Toman relocation to the Soviet Union was seen as a way of resolving the fractional frictions inside the Austrian Communist Party. In the Soviet Union, Toman was accused of mismanagement of funds. In September 1931 he was sacked from Profintern. He was given a new employment at a sailor's club in Leningrad, politically demoted. Having returned to Austria in 1932, Toman was finally stripped of his Communist Party membership. Toman joined the Revolutionary Socialists in 1934. He was detained at the Wöllersdorf prison camp, but was released in 1935. After Anschluss (German annexation of Austria in 1938) Toman was threatened with imprisonment at the Dachau concentration camp. He was however able to negotiate a release from captivity, citing his expulsion from the Communist Party. He undertook a loyalty oath to the Third Reich. In April 1938 German authorities appointed him as a member of the local administration of Eichgraben. In January 1940 he joined the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) and SA. Toman was captured by Soviet troops in May 1945. He died in a Soviet Gulag prison camp on February 5, 1950. There are very few documented cases of former Austrian communists having joined the NSDAP, Toman being the most prominent amongst them. There is little written about Toman's political journey, but speculation points towards blunt opportunism. Karl Tomann (* 2. Jänner 1884; † 5. Februar 1950 in der Sowjetunion) war ein österreichischer Politiker der Kommunistischen Partei Österreichs (KPÖ).
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