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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Operation_Searchlight
rdf:type
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rdfs:label
Operasi Searchlight Operation Searchlight عملية مناورة Opération Searchlight Операция «Прожектор» 探照燈行動
rdfs:comment
Operasi Searchlight adalah pengamanan militer yang dilaksanakan oleh untuk mengatasi gerakan nasionalis Benggala di Pakistan Timur pada Maret 1971. Operasi ini diperintahkan oleh pemerintah Pakistan Barat dan merupakan lanjutan dari yang dilaksanakan pada November 1970. Operasi ini juga memulai Kekejaman di Bangladesh 1971. Operation Searchlight was the codename for a planned military operation carried out by the Pakistan Army in an effort to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in former East Pakistan in March 1971. Pakistan retrospectively justified the operation on the basis of anti-Bihari violence carried out en masse by the Bengalis earlier that month. Ordered by the central government in West Pakistan, the original plans envisioned taking control of all of East Pakistan's major cities on 26 March, and then eliminating all Bengali opposition, whether political or military, within the following month. عملية المناورة (النزاع العسكري)هي عملية عسكرية خطط لها الجيش الباكستاني للحد من حركة عموم أفريقيا في باكستان الشرقية السابقة في مارس 1971وبررت من قبل الدولة الباكستانية على أساس العنف ضد البيهاري من قبل البنغاليين في وقت باكر من آذار. أصدرت الحكومة المركزية في غرب باكستان هذا الطلب واعتبرت مكملاً لـ «العملية الهجومية» التي بدأت في نوفمبر عام 1970. الخطة الأصلية تصورت السيطرة على المدن الكبرى في 26 مارس، ومن ثم القضاء على جميع المعارضات، السياسية أو العسكرية، في غضون شهر واحد. وقال الرئيس يحيى خان في مؤتمر عقد في فبراير 1971. «قتل ثلاثة ملايين منهم والباقي سيؤكلون من قبلنا». ولم يتوقع القادة العسكريون الباكستانيون مقاومة البنغال المطولة. انتهت المرحلة الرئيسية من عملية المناورة بسقوط مدينة رئيسية أخرى في أيدي البنغاليين في منتصف مايو. كما أدت هذه العملية إلى تسريع الإبادة الجماعية في بنغلاد 探照燈行動(乌尔都语:آپریشن سرچ لائٹ‎‎,孟加拉語:অপারেশন সার্চলাইট)是指在1971年3月期間,西巴基斯坦軍隊為遏制前東巴基斯坦的孟加拉民族主義運動而進行的軍事行動代號。根據當時西巴基斯坦中央政府的命令,最初的計劃是設想在3月26日前控制東巴基斯坦的所有主要城市,然後在接下來的一個月內消滅所有政治上及軍事上的孟加拉反對派。當時西巴基斯坦的領導人並沒有預料到孟加拉人會長期抵抗及後來印度的軍事干預。 隨着最後一個由孟加拉人控制的城鎮於陷落,探照燈行動的主要階段於5月中旬結束。這次行動直接促成了1971年孟加拉國種族滅絕,三十至三百萬名孟加拉人被殺,大約1000萬人逃往鄰國的印度成為難民。這次行動的主要目標是印度教徒、孟加拉的知識分子及民族主義者。這次殘忍的殺戮激怒了孟加拉人,他們因此宣布從巴基斯坦獨立,建立了新的孟加拉國。 探照燈行動的暴行最終導致了孟加拉國解放戰爭,在這場戰爭中,印度軍事支持抵抗組織,以游擊戰的方式對抗西巴基斯坦軍隊。同年12月,巴基斯坦發動成吉思汗行動,對印度發起先發制人的打擊,印度因此開始直接軍事干預內戰,最終西巴基斯坦宣佈無條件投降,孟加拉國於1971年12月16日正式獨立。 L'Opération Searchlight est le nom de code d'une opération militaire préparée et menée du 26 mars 1971 au 25 mai 1971 par les Forces armées pakistanaises afin de mater le mouvement (en) dans ce qui était, à l'époque, le Pakistan oriental. Rétrospectivement, le Pakistan a justifié l'opération en s'appuyant sur la violence anti-Bhari commise massivement par les Bangladais début mars. Commandée par le gouvernement central du Pakistan occidental, la campagne d'origine prévoyait de s'emparer de toutes les villes principales du Pakistan oriental le 26 mars, puis d'éliminer tous les opposants bengalis, tant politiques que militaires, au cours du mois suivant. Les chefs de l'armée du Pakistan occidental n'avaient pas anticipé la résistance prolongée des Bengalis ni l'intervention militaire de l'I Операция «Прожектор» — кодовое название операции Вооружённых сил Пакистана по превентивному удару по отрядам бангладешских повстанцев Мукти-бахини. Бои сопровождались крайней жестокостью пакистанских солдат по отношению к мирному населению провинции.
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Operation Searchlight
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dbp:territoryChanges
Provisional Government of Bangladesh declares independence from Pakistan
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dbt:Campaignbox_Bangladesh_Liberation_War dbt:EngvarB dbt:Listed_Invalid_ISBN dbt:Cite_web dbt:See_also dbt:Cite_book dbt:Bangladesh_liberation dbt:Small dbt:1971_Indo-Pak_War dbt:ISBN dbt:Short_description dbt:Citation_needed dbt:Infobox_military_conflict dbt:Use_dmy_dates dbt:Webarchive dbt:Flagdeco dbt:Refbegin dbt:Reflist dbt:Refend dbt:Pakistani_Armed_Forces dbt:Flagicon_image dbt:Flagicon dbt:Flag dbt:One_source dbt:--
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n18:Human_Remains_and_War_Materiel_from_1971_Genocide_-_Liberation_War_Museum_-_Dhaka_-_Bangladesh_(12826731774).jpg?width=300
dbp:casus
For the Pakistani military operation: official justification was a response to the anti-Bihari violence committed by Bengalis in early 1971
dbp:caption
Human remains and war material from the 1971 genocide at the Liberation War Museum, Dhaka, Bangladesh
dbp:casualties
~4,000+ POWs Small number of POWs 10000 Mukti Bahini: ~6,000 KIA or wounded
dbp:combatant
Bangladesh Provisional Government * Mukti Bahini * Awami League * Pakistan Armed Forces Supported by: * United States * Supported by:
dbp:commander
Air Cdre. Inamul H. Khan Brig. William Harrison Lt. Gen. Tikka Khan President Yahya Khan Premier Tajuddin Ahmad Maj. Gen. A. O. Mitha Lt. Gen. A. A. K. Niazi RAdm. Mohammad Shariff Maj. Gen. Rao F. Ali Col. M. A. G. Osmani
dbp:conflict
Operation Searchlight
dbp:date
2011-10-02 0001-03-26 2006-05-28 2013-10-20 2011-12-02
dbp:imageSize
300
dbp:notes
Civilian death toll: 300,000–3,000,000 Bengali civilians
dbp:partof
the Bangladesh Liberation War
dbp:place
East Pakistan
dbp:result
Pakistani operational success * Temporary West Pakistani military success * Organization of anti-Pakistan Bengali popular resistance * Start of the Genocide and the Liberation War
dbp:strength
Bengali Resistance Forces: * ~8,000 Bengali troops from East Bengal Regiment Paramilitary Forces: * ~13,000 East Pakistan Rifles * ~30,000+ East Pakistani police and Bangladesh Ansar personnel armed with .303 rifles Reinforcements: * Unknown number of ex-servicemen and civilian volunteers Pakistan Army: * 14th Infantry Division * 1 armoured regiment Paramilitary Forces: * ~3,000 East Pakistan Rifles * 1,800 East Pakistani police personnel Pakistan Navy: * 4 gunboats * 1 patrol boat * 1 destroyer Pakistan Air Force: * 20 North American Sabrejets * 3 T-33 jet trainers * 4 helicopters * 5 C-130 Hercules transport aircraft Land Reinforcements: * 9th Infantry Division * 16th Infantry Division
dbp:url
n20:wayitwas1.htm n38:0,1518,338612,00.html n40: https://web.archive.org/web/20060528031037/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2005%5C12%5C18%5Cstory_18-12-2005_pg7_40
dbo:abstract
Операция «Прожектор» — кодовое название операции Вооружённых сил Пакистана по превентивному удару по отрядам бангладешских повстанцев Мукти-бахини. Бои сопровождались крайней жестокостью пакистанских солдат по отношению к мирному населению провинции. Operasi Searchlight adalah pengamanan militer yang dilaksanakan oleh untuk mengatasi gerakan nasionalis Benggala di Pakistan Timur pada Maret 1971. Operasi ini diperintahkan oleh pemerintah Pakistan Barat dan merupakan lanjutan dari yang dilaksanakan pada November 1970. Operasi ini juga memulai Kekejaman di Bangladesh 1971. 探照燈行動(乌尔都语:آپریشن سرچ لائٹ‎‎,孟加拉語:অপারেশন সার্চলাইট)是指在1971年3月期間,西巴基斯坦軍隊為遏制前東巴基斯坦的孟加拉民族主義運動而進行的軍事行動代號。根據當時西巴基斯坦中央政府的命令,最初的計劃是設想在3月26日前控制東巴基斯坦的所有主要城市,然後在接下來的一個月內消滅所有政治上及軍事上的孟加拉反對派。當時西巴基斯坦的領導人並沒有預料到孟加拉人會長期抵抗及後來印度的軍事干預。 隨着最後一個由孟加拉人控制的城鎮於陷落,探照燈行動的主要階段於5月中旬結束。這次行動直接促成了1971年孟加拉國種族滅絕,三十至三百萬名孟加拉人被殺,大約1000萬人逃往鄰國的印度成為難民。這次行動的主要目標是印度教徒、孟加拉的知識分子及民族主義者。這次殘忍的殺戮激怒了孟加拉人,他們因此宣布從巴基斯坦獨立,建立了新的孟加拉國。 探照燈行動的暴行最終導致了孟加拉國解放戰爭,在這場戰爭中,印度軍事支持抵抗組織,以游擊戰的方式對抗西巴基斯坦軍隊。同年12月,巴基斯坦發動成吉思汗行動,對印度發起先發制人的打擊,印度因此開始直接軍事干預內戰,最終西巴基斯坦宣佈無條件投降,孟加拉國於1971年12月16日正式獨立。 عملية المناورة (النزاع العسكري)هي عملية عسكرية خطط لها الجيش الباكستاني للحد من حركة عموم أفريقيا في باكستان الشرقية السابقة في مارس 1971وبررت من قبل الدولة الباكستانية على أساس العنف ضد البيهاري من قبل البنغاليين في وقت باكر من آذار. أصدرت الحكومة المركزية في غرب باكستان هذا الطلب واعتبرت مكملاً لـ «العملية الهجومية» التي بدأت في نوفمبر عام 1970. الخطة الأصلية تصورت السيطرة على المدن الكبرى في 26 مارس، ومن ثم القضاء على جميع المعارضات، السياسية أو العسكرية، في غضون شهر واحد. وقال الرئيس يحيى خان في مؤتمر عقد في فبراير 1971. «قتل ثلاثة ملايين منهم والباقي سيؤكلون من قبلنا». ولم يتوقع القادة العسكريون الباكستانيون مقاومة البنغال المطولة. انتهت المرحلة الرئيسية من عملية المناورة بسقوط مدينة رئيسية أخرى في أيدي البنغاليين في منتصف مايو. كما أدت هذه العملية إلى تسريع الإبادة الجماعية في بنغلاديش في عام 1971 وتسببت في نزوح ما يقرب من 10 ملايين لاجئ إلى الهند، في حين تراوحت تقديرات الوفيات المدنية بين 300,000 و 3,000,000. تم استهداف المثقفين والأكاديميين والهندوس البنغاليين وتعرضوا لأسوأ معاملة، مع القتل العشوائي. هذه الاغتيالات البنغالية، التي بعدها أعلنت استقلالها عن باكستان، وتمكنوا من إقامة دولة بنغلاديش الجديدة. أدى العنف الناجم عن عملية المناورة إلى حرب التحرير من قبل Mukhti Bahini ضد قوات «الاحتلال» الباكستانية في بنغلاديش. بعد العملية المشؤومة لـ «تشنجيز خان»، أدى التدخل الهندي إلى استسلام الجيش الباكستاني غير التقليدي للقيادة المشتركة للجيش الهندي ومخت بيهيني في 16 ديسمبر 1971. L'Opération Searchlight est le nom de code d'une opération militaire préparée et menée du 26 mars 1971 au 25 mai 1971 par les Forces armées pakistanaises afin de mater le mouvement (en) dans ce qui était, à l'époque, le Pakistan oriental. Rétrospectivement, le Pakistan a justifié l'opération en s'appuyant sur la violence anti-Bhari commise massivement par les Bangladais début mars. Commandée par le gouvernement central du Pakistan occidental, la campagne d'origine prévoyait de s'emparer de toutes les villes principales du Pakistan oriental le 26 mars, puis d'éliminer tous les opposants bengalis, tant politiques que militaires, au cours du mois suivant. Les chefs de l'armée du Pakistan occidental n'avaient pas anticipé la résistance prolongée des Bengalis ni l'intervention militaire de l'Inde. La phase principale de l'opération Searchlight s'achève mi-mai 1971 avec la chute de la dernière grande ville tenue par les Bengalis. Cette opération a aussi accéléré le génocide au Bangladesh, qui a coûté la vie à un nombre compris entre 300 000 et 3 000 000 Bengalis et causé la fuite de 10 millions de réfugiés vers l'Inde. La campagne Searchlight a ciblé notamment les élites intellectuelles et universitaires bengalis ainsi que les hindous et les musulmans nationalistes du pays : des exécutions extrajudicaires sont perpétrées en masse. Ces massacres systématiques ont rendu les Bengalis furieux et les ont décidés à déclarer leur indépendance envers l'union du Pakistan pour devenir une nation distincte : le Bangladesh. Les grandes violences commises pendant l'opération Searchlight ont abouti, en fin de compte, à la guerre de libération du Bangladesh dans laquelle les milices de la Mukti Bahini, soutenues par l'Inde, ont combattu pour repousser l'armée pakistanaise hors du pays. La guerre civile a pris une nouvelle ampleur au cours des mois suivants car des loyalistes du Pakistan oriental (surtout des Biharis persécutés) ont formé leurs propres groupes paramilitaires pour soutenir les troupes pakistanaises contre celles de la Mukti Bahini. Néanmoins, le conflit a pris un tour favorable aux Bengalis après l'échec de l' (en), qui a provoqué l'intervention des forces armées indiennes dans la guerre civile ; le conflit s'achève avec la capitulation du Pakistan le 16 décembre 1971. Operation Searchlight was the codename for a planned military operation carried out by the Pakistan Army in an effort to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in former East Pakistan in March 1971. Pakistan retrospectively justified the operation on the basis of anti-Bihari violence carried out en masse by the Bengalis earlier that month. Ordered by the central government in West Pakistan, the original plans envisioned taking control of all of East Pakistan's major cities on 26 March, and then eliminating all Bengali opposition, whether political or military, within the following month. West Pakistani military leaders had not anticipated prolonged Bengali resistance or later Indian military intervention. The main phase of Operation Searchlight ended with the fall of the last major Bengali-held town in mid-May 1971. The operation also directly precipitated the 1971 Bangladesh genocide, in which between 300,000 and 3,000,000 Bengalis were killed while around 10 million fled to neighbouring India as refugees. However, these death tolls are contested by Gerlach, who suggests a likely death toll of between 500,000 to less than one million after extensive investigation of various partial and independent sources. He also notes the highly politicized and diverging accounts of events and numbers by the different governments. The three million death toll is used by the Bangladesh government as part of its founding myth, since only a separation would prevent further and full scale genocide, whereas much lower death tolls in the tens of thousands is used by Pakistani sources that belittle the scale of atrocities. Bengali intelligentsia, academics and Hindus were widely targeted alongside Muslim Bengali nationalists—with widespread, indiscriminate extrajudicial killings. The nature of these systematic purges enraged the Bengalis, who declared independence from the union of Pakistan to establish the new nation of Bangladesh. The widespread violence resulting from Pakistan's Operation Searchlight ultimately led to the Bangladesh Liberation War, in which Indian-backed Mukti Bahini guerrillas fought to remove Pakistani forces from Bangladesh. The civil war escalated in the following months as East Pakistani loyalists (mostly from the persecuted Bihari minority) formed militias to support West Pakistani troops on the ground against the Mukti Bahini. However, the conflict took a decisive turn in the Bengalis' favour following the ill-fated Operation Chengiz Khan, which resulted in direct Indian military intervention in the civil war, eventually prompting Pakistan's unconditional surrender to the joint command of Indian forces and the Mukti Bahini on 16 December 1971.
gold:hypernym
dbr:Operation
dbp:wordnet_type
n15:synset-war-noun-1
prov:wasDerivedFrom
wikipedia-en:Operation_Searchlight?oldid=1124942821&ns=0
dbo:wikiPageLength
156448
dbo:causalties
10,000+KIAor wounded Mukti Bahini: ~4,000+POWs
dbo:combatant
*Mukti Bahini Bangladesh Provisional Government *United States * *Awami League *Pakistan Armed Forces Supported by:
dbo:date
1971-03-26
dbo:notes
Civilian death toll: 300,000–3,000,000 Bengali civilians
dbo:result
Pakistani operational success * TemporaryWest Pakistani military success * Organization of anti-Pakistan Bengali popular resistance * Start of theGenocideand theLiberation War
dbo:strength
Land Reinforcements: * ~3,000East Pakistan Rifles * 1,800 East Pakistani police personnel * ~13,000East Pakistan Rifles Pakistan Navy: * 1 armoured regiment * 4 helicopters Reinforcements: * 14th Infantry Division * ~8,000Bengalitroops fromEast Bengal Regiment * Unknown number of ex-servicemen andcivilian volunteers * 20North American Sabrejets * 1patrol boat * 4gunboats * ~30,000+ East Pakistani police andBangladesh Ansarpersonnel armed with.303 rifles *9th Infantry Division * 1destroyer Pakistan Army: Bengali Resistance Forces: * 16th Infantry Division * 5C-130 Herculestransport aircraft Paramilitary Forces: Pakistan Air Force: * 3T-33jet trainers
dbo:commander
dbr:Air_Commodore dbr:Major_general dbr:Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh dbr:Rear_admiral dbr:President_of_Pakistan dbr:Brigadier dbr:Lieutenant_general dbr:Colonel
dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict
dbr:Bangladesh_Liberation_War
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
wikipedia-en:Operation_Searchlight