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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Supremacy_Clause
rdfs:label
Клаузула о верховенстве 至高條款 Clause de suprématie (États-Unis) Clausola di supremazia Supremacy Clause
rdfs:comment
The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution of the United States (Article VI, Clause 2) establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the "supreme Law of the Land", and thus take priority over any conflicting state laws. It provides that state courts are bound by, and state constitutions subordinate to, the supreme law. However, federal statutes and treaties must be within the parameters of the Constitution; that is, they must be pursuant to the federal government's enumerated powers, and not violate other constitutional limits on federal power, such as the Bill of Rights—of particular interest is the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states that the federal government has only those powers delegat La deuxième clause de l'article VI de la Constitution américaine, plus communément désignée sous le nom de clause de suprématie, statue que la Constitution des États-Unis, ainsi que les lois et traités adoptés par le gouvernement fédéral, constituent « la loi suprême de la nation » (« the supreme law of the land » en anglais). Cela signifie que les États des États-Unis ne sont pas souverains et qu'en dernier recours, c'est toujours l'autorité de l'Union qui prime sur la constitution et les lois de chacun des États de l'Union. 至高條款（Supremacy Clause）是在美國憲法第六條第二款的條款。此條款明確表示了憲法、聯邦法律及美國對外條約為「全國之最高法律」（"the supreme law of the land"）。此條款確立它們為美國法律體系的最高層次法律，強制各州法官捍衛它們，即使它們抵觸州憲法及州法律。 La clausola di supremazia dell'Articolo VI della Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America, è il principio che stabilisce che la Costituzione, le leggi federali emanate in virtù di essa e i trattati stipulati sotto la sua autorità, costituiscano la "legge suprema dello Stato", e quindi assumano priorità su qualsiasi legge in diretto conflitto emanata dagli Stati federati degli Stati Uniti d'America. La clausola di supremazia prevede che i tribunali degli Stati federati siano vincolati, e che le loro costituzioni siano subordinate, alla legge suprema federale. Клаузула о верховенстве (англ. Supremacy Clause) — формулировка в Конституции США, предусматривающая, что конституция и законы Соединённых Штатов, а также международные договоры, заключённые Соединёнными Штатами, являются верховным правом страны. Клаузула также обязывает судей штатов руководствоваться Конституцией, законами и международными договорами США, даже если конституции и законы отдельных штатов противоречат федеральному праву. Конституции штатов также признают верховенство федеральной Конституции США. Так, ныне действующая Конституция Калифорнии 1879 года указывает: «Штат Калифорния составляет неотъемлемую часть Американского Союза, и Конституция Соединённых Штатов является высшим законом страны». Клаузула содержится в статье VI Конституции США. Заключённый в ней принцип верховенс
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dbo:abstract
La deuxième clause de l'article VI de la Constitution américaine, plus communément désignée sous le nom de clause de suprématie, statue que la Constitution des États-Unis, ainsi que les lois et traités adoptés par le gouvernement fédéral, constituent « la loi suprême de la nation » (« the supreme law of the land » en anglais). Cela signifie que les États des États-Unis ne sont pas souverains et qu'en dernier recours, c'est toujours l'autorité de l'Union qui prime sur la constitution et les lois de chacun des États de l'Union. 至高條款（Supremacy Clause）是在美國憲法第六條第二款的條款。此條款明確表示了憲法、聯邦法律及美國對外條約為「全國之最高法律」（"the supreme law of the land"）。此條款確立它們為美國法律體系的最高層次法律，強制各州法官捍衛它們，即使它們抵觸州憲法及州法律。 The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution of the United States (Article VI, Clause 2) establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the "supreme Law of the Land", and thus take priority over any conflicting state laws. It provides that state courts are bound by, and state constitutions subordinate to, the supreme law. However, federal statutes and treaties must be within the parameters of the Constitution; that is, they must be pursuant to the federal government's enumerated powers, and not violate other constitutional limits on federal power, such as the Bill of Rights—of particular interest is the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states that the federal government has only those powers delegated to it by the Constitution. The Supremacy Clause is essentially a conflict-of-laws rule specifying that certain federal acts take priority over any state acts that conflict with federal law. Some jurists further argue that the clause also nullifies federal law that is in conflict with the Constitution, although this is disputed. The Supremacy Clause follows Article XIII of the Articles of Confederation, the predecessor of the Constitution, which provided that "Every State shall abide by the determination of the [Congress], on all questions which by this confederation are submitted to them." As a constitutional provision announcing the supremacy of federal law, the Supremacy Clause assumes the underlying priority of federal authority, albeit only when that authority is expressed in the Constitution itself; no matter what the federal or state governments might wish to do, they must stay within the boundaries of the Constitution. Consequently, the Supremacy Clause is considered a cornerstone of the United States' federal political structure. Клаузула о верховенстве (англ. Supremacy Clause) — формулировка в Конституции США, предусматривающая, что конституция и законы Соединённых Штатов, а также международные договоры, заключённые Соединёнными Штатами, являются верховным правом страны. Клаузула также обязывает судей штатов руководствоваться Конституцией, законами и международными договорами США, даже если конституции и законы отдельных штатов противоречат федеральному праву. Конституции штатов также признают верховенство федеральной Конституции США. Так, ныне действующая Конституция Калифорнии 1879 года указывает: «Штат Калифорния составляет неотъемлемую часть Американского Союза, и Конституция Соединённых Штатов является высшим законом страны». Клаузула содержится в статье VI Конституции США. Заключённый в ней принцип верховенства федерального права является одним из краеугольных в федеративной системе США. La clausola di supremazia dell'Articolo VI della Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America, è il principio che stabilisce che la Costituzione, le leggi federali emanate in virtù di essa e i trattati stipulati sotto la sua autorità, costituiscano la "legge suprema dello Stato", e quindi assumano priorità su qualsiasi legge in diretto conflitto emanata dagli Stati federati degli Stati Uniti d'America. La clausola di supremazia prevede che i tribunali degli Stati federati siano vincolati, e che le loro costituzioni siano subordinate, alla legge suprema federale. Tuttavia, le leggi e i trattati federali possono avvalersi della clausola di supremazia solo se non violano la Costituzione. Alla sola magistratura federale spetta il potere e compito di interpretare la Costituzione e l'autorità di giudicare le leggi federali in fatto di costituzionalità.
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