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Subject Item
dbr:Temple_of_the_Five_Lords
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Tempel der Fünf Beamten 五公祠 Temple of the Five Lords
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The Temple of the Five Lords (Chinese: 五公祠; pinyin: Wŭgōng Cí), also known as the "Temple of the Five Officials", is a memorial shrine to five exiled officials from the Tang and Song dynasties that is located to the southeast of the city of Haikou on the island of Hainan, China. During the times of these dynasties, Hainan was perceived as a remote part of the empire and was used as a place for banishment for disgraced court officials. All five officials commemorated at the temple encountered such a fate, typically after losing power struggles within the imperial court. Der Tempel der Fünf Beamten (chinesisch 五公祠, Pinyin Wǔgōng cí) in der bezirksfreien Stadt Haikou, Hainan, China, ist ein zuerst in der Ming-Zeit zur Erinnerung an fünf Beamte Li Deyu (李德裕), (李纲), (李光), (赵鼎) und (胡诠) errichteter Tempel. Die Beamten waren während der Tang- und Song-Zeit nach Hainan verbannt worden. Der Tempel steht seit 2001 auf der Liste der Denkmäler der Volksrepublik China (5-441). 五公祠位于中国海南琼山海府路，占地约66000平方米，是一处融古建筑、古遗址、园林为一体的旅游风景区。主要由海南第一楼（五公祠）、观稼堂、学圃堂、苏公祠、两伏波祠、洞酌亭、洗心轩、浮粟泉、粟泉亭和琼园，五公祠陈列馆等等建筑、遗迹组成。自北宋大文豪苏东坡在此“指双泉”开始，这里便成为崇拜先贤、教育后人的地方，素有“琼台胜景”的美誉。 “五公”是指唐宋两代被朝廷贬到海南的五位历史名臣，即唐朝宰相李德裕、宋朝宰相李纲、赵鼎及大学士李光、胡铨。他们万里投荒，不易其志，为海南岛的文化教育、经济的发展做出了不朽的贡献。海南人民历代建祠祭祀他们。清光绪十五年（1889年），雷琼道道台珠采修建海南第一楼纪念“五公”，故名五公祠，后来便以五公祠称呼海南第一楼及其周围一组古建筑。 是为纪念苏东坡而建，1097年，苏东坡被贬来琼，在此指导人民开双泉，三年后北还途中，命名“浮粟泉，题泉上亭名洞酌亭，此处便留有“苏东坡读书处”遗迹，后改为“东坡书院”。院内修祠，供东坡画像，名苏公祠。 西汉前伏波将军路博德、东汉后伏波将军马援，平定海疆，海南从此归入中国版图。两伏波祠正是为纪念他们的英雄业绩而建。 出苏公祠，绕湖心小岛，过拱桥便是规模宏大的五公祠陈列馆，馆内陈列五公祠史迹，海南历史文物等展览。
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dbo:abstract
The Temple of the Five Lords (Chinese: 五公祠; pinyin: Wŭgōng Cí), also known as the "Temple of the Five Officials", is a memorial shrine to five exiled officials from the Tang and Song dynasties that is located to the southeast of the city of Haikou on the island of Hainan, China. During the times of these dynasties, Hainan was perceived as a remote part of the empire and was used as a place for banishment for disgraced court officials. All five officials commemorated at the temple encountered such a fate, typically after losing power struggles within the imperial court. Notable buildings of the temple complex are the Five Lords Ancestral Hall proper (Chinese: 五公祠; pinyin: Wŭgōng Cí), the Guanjia Hall (Chinese: 观稼堂; pinyin: Guānjià Táng; lit. 'observe the crops hall'), the Xuepu Hall (Chinese: 学圃堂; pinyin: Xuépŭ Táng; lit. 'gardening study hall'), the East Hall (Chinese: 东斋; pinyin: Dōng Zhāi) and West Hall (Chinese: 西斋; pinyin: Xī Zhāi, also known as Chinese: 五公精舍; pinyin: Wŭgōng Jīngshè), the Sugong Ancestral Hall (Chinese: 苏公祠; pinyin: Sūgōng Cí), the Ancestral Hall of the Two Fubo Generals (Chinese: 两伏波祠; pinyin: Liǎng Fúbō Cí), the Bai Pavilion (Chinese: 拜亭; pinyin: Bài tíng; lit. 'worship pavilion'), the Dongzhuo Pavilion (Chinese: 洞酌亭; pinyin: Dòngzhuó Tíng; lit. 'deliberation pavilion'), the Suquan Pavilion (Chinese: 粟泉亭; pinyin: Sùquán Tíng; lit. 'millet spring pavilion'), the Xixin Hall (Chinese: 洗心轩; pinyin: Xǐxīn Xuān; lit. 'heart washing hall'), and the Youxian Cave (Chinese: 游仙洞; pinyin: Yóuxiān Dòng; lit. 'wandering immortal cave'). In total, the temple complex covers an area of 2800 square meters. The temple's main building is the Five Lords Ancestral Hall. It is a red two-story wooden structure that stands more than 9 meters tall and has a total floor space of 560 square meters. A historical inscription on a board placed over the front entrance on the second floor declares it the "first building in Hainan". The earliest buildings of thecomplex were erected during the reign of Wanli Emperor (1572–1620) ofthe Ming Dynasty. The temple has undergone a major restoration during the reign of the Qing emperor Guanggxu (in 1889) followed by minor repairs that were carried out later. The five officials commemorated in the temple are the Tang chancellor Li Deyu (Chinese: 李德裕, 787—850), and the four Song ministers (Chinese: 李纲, 1083–1140), (Chinese: 李光, 1078–1159), (Chinese: 赵鼎, 1085–1147, also known for his poetry), and (Chinese: 胡铨, 1102–1180). Each of the officials had been banished to Hainan Province after having fallen out of the court's favor and is now represented by a stone statue placed on the temple grounds. The Ancestral Hall of the Two Fubo Generals is dedicated to the two generals Lu Bode (Chinese: 路博德; pinyin: Lù Bódé, captured Hainan in 110 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty and Ma Yuan (Chinese: 馬援; pinyin: Mǎ Yuán, 14 BC – 49 AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Both generals played important roles in establishing Chinese rule over Hainan and were recognized by their emperors with the honorary title "Fubo General" (Chinese: 伏波将军; pinyin: fúbō jiāngjūn) for their achievements. The Sugong Temple is located to the southeast of the Temple of Five Lords. It commemorates Su Shi (Chinese: 苏轼), a renowned poet and statesman of the Song Dynasty, who was also banished to Hainan. The temple is located near the administrative border between the City of Haikou and Qiongshan District, about 5 kilometers away from the city center of Haikou. 五公祠位于中国海南琼山海府路，占地约66000平方米，是一处融古建筑、古遗址、园林为一体的旅游风景区。主要由海南第一楼（五公祠）、观稼堂、学圃堂、苏公祠、两伏波祠、洞酌亭、洗心轩、浮粟泉、粟泉亭和琼园，五公祠陈列馆等等建筑、遗迹组成。自北宋大文豪苏东坡在此“指双泉”开始，这里便成为崇拜先贤、教育后人的地方，素有“琼台胜景”的美誉。 “五公”是指唐宋两代被朝廷贬到海南的五位历史名臣，即唐朝宰相李德裕、宋朝宰相李纲、赵鼎及大学士李光、胡铨。他们万里投荒，不易其志，为海南岛的文化教育、经济的发展做出了不朽的贡献。海南人民历代建祠祭祀他们。清光绪十五年（1889年），雷琼道道台珠采修建海南第一楼纪念“五公”，故名五公祠，后来便以五公祠称呼海南第一楼及其周围一组古建筑。 是为纪念苏东坡而建，1097年，苏东坡被贬来琼，在此指导人民开双泉，三年后北还途中，命名“浮粟泉，题泉上亭名洞酌亭，此处便留有“苏东坡读书处”遗迹，后改为“东坡书院”。院内修祠，供东坡画像，名苏公祠。 西汉前伏波将军路博德、东汉后伏波将军马援，平定海疆，海南从此归入中国版图。两伏波祠正是为纪念他们的英雄业绩而建。 出苏公祠，绕湖心小岛，过拱桥便是规模宏大的五公祠陈列馆，馆内陈列五公祠史迹，海南历史文物等展览。 Der Tempel der Fünf Beamten (chinesisch 五公祠, Pinyin Wǔgōng cí) in der bezirksfreien Stadt Haikou, Hainan, China, ist ein zuerst in der Ming-Zeit zur Erinnerung an fünf Beamte Li Deyu (李德裕), (李纲), (李光), (赵鼎) und (胡诠) errichteter Tempel. Die Beamten waren während der Tang- und Song-Zeit nach Hainan verbannt worden. Der Tempel steht seit 2001 auf der Liste der Denkmäler der Volksrepublik China (5-441).
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