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Subject Item
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Timeline of plesiosaur research جدول زمني لأبحاث البليزوصورات
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الجدول الزمني لأبحاث البليزوصورات (بالإنجليزية: plesiosaur)‏ وهو قائمة مرتبة حسب التصنيف الزمني الذي يضم الاكتشافات الاحفورية المهمة والجدالات القائمة التي أجريت حول تفسيرها، التنقيحات التصنيفية والصور المستولدة للبليزوصورات، وهي رتبة من الزواحف البحرية التي ازدهرت خلال عصر الديناصورات. اكتشفت أول أحافير البليزوصورات الموثقة علميًا أثناء أوائل القرن التاسع عشر بواسطة ماري أنينج. اكتشفت ووَصَفت البليزوصورات فعليًا قبل الدينوصورات (dinosaurs). وكانت أيضًا من بين الحيوانات المصنفة اولياً التي برزت في عمليات إعادة التشكيل الفنية للعالم القديم، ومن ثم من بين أوائل كائنات ما قبل التأريخ لجذب اهتمام الجمهور العادي. كان هناك اعتقاد سائد أنَّ البليزوصورات في الاصل نوعًا من أشكال الانتقال البدائي بين الحياة البحرية والزواحف البرية. ومع ذلك، تعرف البليزوصورات الآن كزواحف بحرية مستمدة من الأسلاف البري This timeline of plesiosaur research is a chronologically ordered list of important fossil discoveries, controversies of interpretation, taxonomic revisions, and cultural portrayals of plesiosaurs, an order of marine reptiles that flourished during the Mesozoic Era. The first scientifically documented plesiosaur fossils were discovered during the early 19th century by Mary Anning. Plesiosaurs were actually discovered and described before dinosaurs. They were also among the first animals to be featured in artistic reconstructions of the ancient world, and therefore among the earliest prehistoric creatures to attract the attention of the lay public. Plesiosaurs were originally thought to be a kind of primitive transitional form between marine life and terrestrial reptiles. However, now plesi
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medic
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March 2019
dbo:abstract
This timeline of plesiosaur research is a chronologically ordered list of important fossil discoveries, controversies of interpretation, taxonomic revisions, and cultural portrayals of plesiosaurs, an order of marine reptiles that flourished during the Mesozoic Era. The first scientifically documented plesiosaur fossils were discovered during the early 19th century by Mary Anning. Plesiosaurs were actually discovered and described before dinosaurs. They were also among the first animals to be featured in artistic reconstructions of the ancient world, and therefore among the earliest prehistoric creatures to attract the attention of the lay public. Plesiosaurs were originally thought to be a kind of primitive transitional form between marine life and terrestrial reptiles. However, now plesiosaurs are recognized as highly derived marine reptiles descended from terrestrial ancestors. Early researchers thought that plesiosaurs laid eggs like most reptiles. They commonly imagined plesiosaurs crawling up beaches and burying eggs like turtles. However, later opinion shifted towards the idea that plesiosaurs gave live birth and never went on dry land. Plesiosaur locomotion has been a source of continuous controversy among paleontologists. The earliest speculations on the subject during the 19th century saw plesiosaur swimming as analogous to the paddling of modern sea turtles. During the 1920s opinion shifted to the idea that plesiosaurs swam with a rowing motion. However, a paper published in 1975 that once more found support for sea turtle-like swimming in plesiosaurs. This conclusion reignited the controversy regarding plesiosaur locomotion through the late 20th century. In 2011, and Luis M. Chiappe concluded the debate on plesiosaur reproduction, reporting the discovery of a gravid female plesiosaur with a single large embryo preserved inside her. الجدول الزمني لأبحاث البليزوصورات (بالإنجليزية: plesiosaur)‏ وهو قائمة مرتبة حسب التصنيف الزمني الذي يضم الاكتشافات الاحفورية المهمة والجدالات القائمة التي أجريت حول تفسيرها، التنقيحات التصنيفية والصور المستولدة للبليزوصورات، وهي رتبة من الزواحف البحرية التي ازدهرت خلال عصر الديناصورات. اكتشفت أول أحافير البليزوصورات الموثقة علميًا أثناء أوائل القرن التاسع عشر بواسطة ماري أنينج. اكتشفت ووَصَفت البليزوصورات فعليًا قبل الدينوصورات (dinosaurs). وكانت أيضًا من بين الحيوانات المصنفة اولياً التي برزت في عمليات إعادة التشكيل الفنية للعالم القديم، ومن ثم من بين أوائل كائنات ما قبل التأريخ لجذب اهتمام الجمهور العادي. كان هناك اعتقاد سائد أنَّ البليزوصورات في الاصل نوعًا من أشكال الانتقال البدائي بين الحياة البحرية والزواحف البرية. ومع ذلك، تعرف البليزوصورات الآن كزواحف بحرية مستمدة من الأسلاف البرية. كان هناك اعتقاد سائد بين الباحثون الأوائل أن البليزوصورات وَضَعت البيض مثل الغالبية العظمى من الزواحف. وتصوروا ايضاُ إنَّ البليزوصورات تزحف إلى الشواطئ وتدفن البيض مثل السلاحف. مع ذلك، انتقل الرأي لاحقًا نحو فكرة أنَّ البليزوصورات أنجبت ولم تذهب مطلقًا إلى اليابسة. كان تحرك البليزوصورات مصدر خلاف مستمر بين علماء الحفريات. كانت التخمينات المبكرة حول هذا الموضوع خلال القرن التاسع عشر تشير إلى إنَّ طريقة سباحة البليزوصورات مشابهة إلى طريقة السلاحف البحرية الحديثة باستخدام التجديف. انتقل الرأي خلال عشرينيات القرن العشرين إلى فكرة إنَّ البليزوصورات سبحت بحركة تجديف. مع ذلك، نُشِر في عام 1975 بحث وجد مرة أُخرى تأييدًا للسباحة مثل السلحفاة البحرية في البليزوصورات. أعاد هذا الاستنتاج إثارة الخلاف المتعلق بتنقل البليزوصورات حتى أواخر القرن العشرين. في عام 2011، انهى أف. روبين أوكييف ولويس ماريا تشياب النقاش حول تكاثر البليزوصورات، حيث أعلنا عن اكتشاف أنثى بليزوصور حامل بجنين كبير محفوظ بداخلها.
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