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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:2014_American_immigration_crisis
rdfs:label
2014 American immigration crisis أزمة الهجرة الأمريكية عام 2014
rdfs:comment
تمثلت أزمة الهجرة الأمريكية لعام 2014 بحدوث فورة في أعداد الأطفال والنساء غير المصحوبين بذويهم والساعين لدخول الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية قادمين من المثلث الشمالي لأمريكا الوسطى. يشير مصطلح «الطفل الأجنبي غير المرافق لذويه» في القانون الأمريكي إلى كل طفل لم يتجاوز الثامنة عشر من عمره، ولم يسوّى وضعه القانوني في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، ولا يملك وصيًا قانونيًا يوفر له الحصانة والرعاية المادية. The 2014 American immigration crisis was a surge in unaccompanied children and women from the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA) seeking entrance to the United States in 2014. According to U.S. law, an unaccompanied alien child refers to a person under 18 years of age, who has no lawful immigration status in the U.S., and who does not have a legal guardian to provide physical custody and care.
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dbo:abstract
The 2014 American immigration crisis was a surge in unaccompanied children and women from the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA) seeking entrance to the United States in 2014. According to U.S. law, an unaccompanied alien child refers to a person under 18 years of age, who has no lawful immigration status in the U.S., and who does not have a legal guardian to provide physical custody and care. Between 2013 and 2014, the number of unaccompanied children apprehended at the border increased nearly 80%, from 38,759 in fiscal year 2013 to 68,541 in fiscal year 2014. This influx in unaccompanied minor children has been attributed to a number of factors including the high rates of gang-related violent crime in the Northern Triangle; the promulgation of false "permiso" rumors by smugglers; a growing awareness of H.R.7311 (110th), a 2008 law that granted substantial protections from removal to unaccompanied children from countries that do not share a border with the US; and a recovering US economy and labor market following the Great Recession. Many of the children had no parent/legal guardian available to provide care or physical custody and quickly overwhelmed local border patrols. تمثلت أزمة الهجرة الأمريكية لعام 2014 بحدوث فورة في أعداد الأطفال والنساء غير المصحوبين بذويهم والساعين لدخول الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية قادمين من المثلث الشمالي لأمريكا الوسطى. يشير مصطلح «الطفل الأجنبي غير المرافق لذويه» في القانون الأمريكي إلى كل طفل لم يتجاوز الثامنة عشر من عمره، ولم يسوّى وضعه القانوني في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، ولا يملك وصيًا قانونيًا يوفر له الحصانة والرعاية المادية. ازداد عدد الأطفال غير المرافقين لذويهم الذين ألقي القبض عليهم على الحدود المكسيكية الأمريكية من 38759 طفل في عام 2013 إلى 68541 طفل في عام 2014، بنسبة قدرها 80% تقريبًا. يمكن عزو هذا التزايد إلى العديد من العوامل بما في ذلك المعدلات العالية لجرائم العنف المرتبطة بالعصابات في دول دول المثلث الشمالي لأمريكا الوسطى، ونشر مهربي المهاجرين لشائعات كاذبة حول أذونات دخول الولايات المتحدة، وتزايد الوعي بقانون قانون H.R. 7311 الصادر عام 2008 في الولايات المتحدة والذي يمنح الأطفال غير المصحوبين بذويهم، والقادمين من دول لا تشترك بحدود مع الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، درجات عالية من الحماية، إضافة إلى تعافي الاقتصاد الأمريكي من آثار الكساد الكبير. لم يكن العديد من الأطفال المهاجرين بصحبة أحد من والديهم أو أي وصي قانوني عليهم لتقديم الرعاية الصحية أو الحضانة المادية لهم، وسرعان ما تسببوا بإرباك دوريات الحدود المحلية.
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