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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Army_Alpha
rdf:type
yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Act100030358 yago:Activity100407535 yago:Test101006675 yago:IntelligenceTest101007053 yago:Measurement100996969 yago:Event100029378 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:WikicatIntelligenceTests yago:MentalMeasurement101002677 yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity dbo:Cricketer
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Army Alpha 알파지능검사
rdfs:comment
The Army Alpha is a group-administered test developed by Robert Yerkes and six others in order to evaluate the many U.S. military recruits during World War I. It was first introduced in 1917 due to a demand for a systematic method of evaluating the intellectual and emotional functioning of soldiers. The test measured "verbal ability, numerical ability, ability to follow directions, and knowledge of information". Scores on the Army Alpha were used to determine a soldier's capability of serving, his job classification, and his potential for a leadership position. Soldiers who were illiterate or foreign speaking would take the Army Beta, the nonverbal equivalent of the exam. 알파지능검사 또는 육군 알파(Army Alpha)는 제1차 세계 대전 중 많은 군대 신병들을 평가하기 위해 로버트 여키스(Robert Yerkes)와 그외 여섯 명이 개발한 집단관리형 검사이다. 이것은 1917년 군인들의 지능적이고 정서적인 기능을 평가하는 체계적인 방법에 대한 요구 때문에 처음 소개되었다. 이 테스트는 "언어 능력, 수치 능력, 방향감각 능력 및 정보 지식"을 측정했다. 군대알파검사(Army Alpha Test 또는 알파검사)의 점수는 군인의 봉사 능력, 직업 분류, 지도력의 잠재력을 결정하는데 사용되었다. 문자해독력이 낮거나 외국어를 구사하는 군인은 알파시험의 비언어적 버전인 (Army Beta)를 택할 수 있도록 후에 개발되었다.
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n13:American_soldiers_taking_a_predecessor_of_the_Army_Alpha_-_November_1917.jpg
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n13:American_soldiers_taking_a_predecessor_of_the_Army_Alpha_-_November_1917.jpg?width=300
dbo:abstract
알파지능검사 또는 육군 알파(Army Alpha)는 제1차 세계 대전 중 많은 군대 신병들을 평가하기 위해 로버트 여키스(Robert Yerkes)와 그외 여섯 명이 개발한 집단관리형 검사이다. 이것은 1917년 군인들의 지능적이고 정서적인 기능을 평가하는 체계적인 방법에 대한 요구 때문에 처음 소개되었다. 이 테스트는 "언어 능력, 수치 능력, 방향감각 능력 및 정보 지식"을 측정했다. 군대알파검사(Army Alpha Test 또는 알파검사)의 점수는 군인의 봉사 능력, 직업 분류, 지도력의 잠재력을 결정하는데 사용되었다. 문자해독력이 낮거나 외국어를 구사하는 군인은 알파시험의 비언어적 버전인 (Army Beta)를 택할 수 있도록 후에 개발되었다. The Army Alpha is a group-administered test developed by Robert Yerkes and six others in order to evaluate the many U.S. military recruits during World War I. It was first introduced in 1917 due to a demand for a systematic method of evaluating the intellectual and emotional functioning of soldiers. The test measured "verbal ability, numerical ability, ability to follow directions, and knowledge of information". Scores on the Army Alpha were used to determine a soldier's capability of serving, his job classification, and his potential for a leadership position. Soldiers who were illiterate or foreign speaking would take the Army Beta, the nonverbal equivalent of the exam. Army Beta The development of the beta test and of the performance test for the examination of the foreign speaking and illiterate presented special problems. The use of demonstration charts and mime to convey the instructions to the persons being examined proved successful. The new type of the test in the beta, using geometrical designs, mutilated pictures, etc., required different principles in its construction. The individual performance tests also involved additional and peculiar standards of construction and evaluation. The important purpose of these supplementary tests was, of course, to give to those handicapped by language difficulties a real opportunity to show their ability. In addition, two definite aims were planned in the use of all forms of testing: first, to point out the feeble-minded and those incapable of military service because of mental deficiency; and second, to find those of unusual or special ability. The arrangement of each test, in both group and individual examinations, was therefore checked against the sources of men in institutions for the feeble-minded. If no score had meant low mentality, the first task would have been solved; but it had been shown that literacy was an important factor in the alpha test. The beta test practically eliminated this factor and was thus a step further in selecting those of low intelligence. To prove conclusively that a man was weak-minded and not merely indifferent or malingering, the performance test was added. The individual examinations as finally used in the U.S. Army were, therefore, primarily checks on the group examinations. No person was reported as feeble-minded until a detailed individual psychological examination had been made. Many cases of mental disorder were discovered and referred to the psychiatrists for examination. Disciplinary cases referred to the psychologists were always given individual examinations, as were referred cases of men having difficulty with drill or those who failed to improve in the YMCA schools and elsewhere. Both the Army Alpha and Army Beta tests were discontinued after World War I. Relationship of Scores and Errors In any psychological aptitude test, the person scoring the test has to take into consideration any error that the examinee will possibly make while taking the test. C. R. Atwell did a small study on the relationship of scores and errors based on the results of administration of the "Army Alpha". C. R. Atwell wrote, "The number of errors made by a subject on a test should be indicative of his approach to the test, whether he works in a hurriedly and rashly or slowly and cautiously. Considered alone, however, the number of errors is a relatively meaningless figure, since more errors would be expected with lower scores. If for a given score wide deviations occur in the number of errors, the error score of a subject should be of value in giving additional information about him".
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