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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:CALDIC
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CALDIC (il California Digital Computer ) fu un apparecchio elettronico costruito come "digital computer" con l'assistenza dell'Ufficio per le ricerche navali Office of Naval Research all'University of California, Berkeley tra il 1951 ed il 1955 per assistere e facilitare le ricerche che si stavano effettuando all'università sulla base dell'alta velocità di calcolo. Il CALDIC fu disegnato per essere costruito ad un basso costo ed in modo che fosse semplice da adoperare. La macchina fu operativa nel 1954. Il costo totale dell'opera, terminata nel luglio del 1955, fu di circa $150,000. CALDIC（California Digital Computer）は、1951年から1955年にかけて Office of Naval Research の協力を得てカリフォルニア大学バークレー校で開発されたデジタルコンピュータ。同大学の高速情報処理の研究プラットフォームとすべく開発されたものである。 CALDIC はコスト低減と操作の容易性を基本理念として設計製作された。直径 8 インチの10,000ワードの磁気ドラムメモリ装置を備える直列型十進マシンである（CALDICのワードは十進10桁であり、メモリ容量は約 400,000 ビットに相当する）。1300本の真空管、1000本のダイオード、100個の磁気部品（磁気ドラムメモリのヘッド部）、12個の継電器（電源供給に使用）から構成される。1秒間に50回命令を実行できる性能であった。プログラム内蔵型コンピュータであり、命令形式は十進6桁（命令コードは2桁、アドレス指定部が4桁）である。 マシンは1954年にはほぼ動作するようになった。1955年7月までにかかった費用はおよそ 15万ドルであった。 CALDIC (the California Digital Computer) was an electronic digital computer built with the assistance of the Office of Naval Research at the University of California, Berkeley between 1951 and 1955 to assist and enhance research being conducted at the university with a platform for high-speed computing. The machine was first ready for use in the summer of 1953 and mostly operational in 1954. Development cost through July 1955 was approximately $150,000.
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CALDIC (il California Digital Computer ) fu un apparecchio elettronico costruito come "digital computer" con l'assistenza dell'Ufficio per le ricerche navali Office of Naval Research all'University of California, Berkeley tra il 1951 ed il 1955 per assistere e facilitare le ricerche che si stavano effettuando all'università sulla base dell'alta velocità di calcolo. Il CALDIC fu disegnato per essere costruito ad un basso costo ed in modo che fosse semplice da adoperare. Il computer fu inizialmente pianificato da Paul Morton, , e ; gli ultimi due erano stati associati con il progetto ENIAC all'University of Pennsylvania. Morton supervisionò il progetto e la costruzione con un team che comprendeva ingegneri elettronici, sia laureati che ancora studenti dell'università, in totale più di 35 persone, incluso Doug Engelbart (che più tardi inventò il mouse) e (un pioniere dell'industria dei dischi per computer). La macchina fu operativa nel 1954. Il costo totale dell'opera, terminata nel luglio del 1955, fu di circa $150,000. CALDIC（California Digital Computer）は、1951年から1955年にかけて Office of Naval Research の協力を得てカリフォルニア大学バークレー校で開発されたデジタルコンピュータ。同大学の高速情報処理の研究プラットフォームとすべく開発されたものである。 CALDIC はコスト低減と操作の容易性を基本理念として設計製作された。直径 8 インチの10,000ワードの磁気ドラムメモリ装置を備える直列型十進マシンである（CALDICのワードは十進10桁であり、メモリ容量は約 400,000 ビットに相当する）。1300本の真空管、1000本のダイオード、100個の磁気部品（磁気ドラムメモリのヘッド部）、12個の継電器（電源供給に使用）から構成される。1秒間に50回命令を実行できる性能であった。プログラム内蔵型コンピュータであり、命令形式は十進6桁（命令コードは2桁、アドレス指定部が4桁）である。 当初の計画を立案したのは、Paul Morton、Leland Cunningham、Dick H. Lehmer である。後者2名はペンシルベニア大学でのENIAC開発に参加しており、特に Lehmer は有名なムーアスクール・レクチャーも受講している。Morton は設計製作を監督し、電気工学の学生 35名以上を参加させた。その中にはダグラス・エンゲルバート（マウスの発明者）や Al Hoagland（ハードディスク産業の先駆者）がいたのである。 マシンは1954年にはほぼ動作するようになった。1955年7月までにかかった費用はおよそ 15万ドルであった。 CALDIC (the California Digital Computer) was an electronic digital computer built with the assistance of the Office of Naval Research at the University of California, Berkeley between 1951 and 1955 to assist and enhance research being conducted at the university with a platform for high-speed computing. CALDIC was designed to be constructed at a low cost and simple to operate. It was a serial decimal machine with an 8-inch-diameter (200 mm), 10,000-word magnetic drum memory. (As CALDIC's decimal words were 10 digits each, the magnetic memory could store about 400,000 bits.) It contained 1,300 vacuum tubes, 1,000 crystal diodes, 100 magnetic elements (for the recording heads), and 12 relays (in the power supply). It weighed about 1,500 pounds (680 kg). It was capable of speeds of 50 iterations per second. CALDIC was a stored program computer with a six-digit instruction format (two digits for the opcode and four digits for the memory address). The computer was initially planned by , Leland Cunningham, and Dick Lehmer; the latter two had been involved with the ENIAC at the University of Pennsylvania, and Lehmer had given one of the Moore School Lectures. Morton oversaw the design and construction with a team comprising electrical engineering graduate and undergraduate students at the university, more than 35 in total, including Doug Engelbart (who later invented the computer mouse) and (a pioneer of the computer disk industry). The machine was first ready for use in the summer of 1953 and mostly operational in 1954. Development cost through July 1955 was approximately $150,000.
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