This HTML5 document contains 264 embedded RDF statements represented using HTML+Microdata notation.

The embedded RDF content will be recognized by any processor of HTML5 Microdata.

Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
dctermshttp://purl.org/dc/terms/
dbohttp://dbpedia.org/ontology/
foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
n10https://global.dbpedia.org/id/
dbthttp://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:
rdfshttp://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
freebasehttp://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
rdfhttp://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
owlhttp://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
wikipedia-enhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
dbphttp://dbpedia.org/property/
dbchttp://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:
provhttp://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
xsdhhttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
wikidatahttp://www.wikidata.org/entity/
dbrhttp://dbpedia.org/resource/

Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Chinese_exonyms
rdfs:label
Chinese exonyms
rdfs:comment
When a foreign place name, or toponym, occurs in Chinese text, the problem arises of spelling it in Chinese characters, given the limited phonetics and restrictive phonology of Mandarin Chinese (making it very difficult to transcribe loanwords), and the possible meaning of those characters when treated as Chinese words. For example: However, if the country's or city's endonym is not internationally well-known, Chinese will often transcribe the endoynym or English name into Chinese characters. The exonyms below are all in Mandarin Chinese.
dcterms:subject
dbc:History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_China dbc:Chinese_exonyms dbc:Lists_of_exonyms
dbo:wikiPageID
34420957
dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
1121699043
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbr:College_Station,_Texas dbr:Andorra_la_Vella dbr:Malaysia dbr:Graphic_pejoratives_in_written_Chinese dbr:Amazon_rainforest dbr:Danube dbr:Toronto dbr:Washington,_D.C. dbr:Pacific_Ocean dbr:Springfield,_Illinois dbr:Palm_Bay,_Florida dbr:East_Asia dbr:Hakka dbr:Moscow dbr:Queensland dbc:History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_China dbr:Latin_America dbr:Cairo dbr:Wales dbr:Baghdad dbr:Antelope_Valley dbr:Huế dbr:Sapporo dbr:Fergana dbr:California_Gold_Rush dbr:Jerusalem dbr:Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico dbr:Amazon_River dbr:San_Diego dbr:Scandinavia dbr:Siem_Reap dbr:Atlantis dbr:Liverpool dbr:Palestinian_territories dbr:Phoenix,_Arizona dbr:Yogyakarta dbr:Australian_gold_rushes dbr:Pyongyang dbr:Yerevan dbr:Hanja dbr:Surabaya dbr:Communist_Party_of_China dbr:Porto_Alegre dbr:Cantonese dbr:Luanda dbr:Walnut,_California dbr:Grand_Prairie dbr:Hiroshima dbr:Cologne dbr:Narita,_Chiba dbr:Addis_Ababa dbr:Transcription_(linguistics) dbr:Long_Beach dbr:Salt_Lake_City dbr:Indian_Ocean dbr:Okinawa_Island dbr:Taiwan dbr:Vancouver dbr:Water_buffalo dbr:Dead_Sea dbr:Sydney dbr:Alps dbr:Gangnam_District dbr:St._John's,_Antigua_and_Barbuda dbr:Baja_California dbr:Florida dbr:Mandarin_Chinese dbr:Toponymy dbr:South_Asia dbr:Sea_of_Japan dbr:Oxford dbr:Cancún dbr:Baku dbr:Yalu_River dbr:Han_River_(Korea) dbr:Rio_de_Janeiro dbr:Balkans dbr:Mainland_China dbr:Montreal dbr:Brasília dbc:Chinese_exonyms dbr:Persian_Gulf dbr:Ural_Mountains dbr:Mexico_City dbr:Sumatra dbr:Nassau,_Bahamas dbr:Orange,_California dbr:Amman dbr:Pontianak dbr:Delhi dbr:Kuomintang dbr:São_Paulo dbr:Cambridge,_Massachusetts dbr:Jakarta dbr:Tirana dbr:Damascus dbr:Ho_Chi_Minh_City dbr:Minsk dbr:San_Francisco dbr:Nagasaki dbr:Grand_Rapids dbr:Ho_Chi_Minh dbr:Vientiane dbr:Hokkien dbr:Kabul dbr:Palmdale dbr:Green_Bay,_Wisconsin dbr:Buffalo,_New_York dbr:Mekong dbr:Sahara dbr:Bangkok dbr:Wellington dbr:Bujumbura dbr:Cork_(city) dbr:Cambridge dbr:Tokyo dbr:Sanaa dbr:Loanword dbr:Eurasia dbr:Alexandria dbr:Southeast_Asia dbr:Cannes dbr:Hanoi dbr:Baltic_Sea dbr:Port-au-Prince dbr:Diamond_Bar,_California dbr:Ryukyu_Islands dbr:Independence,_Missouri dbr:Chiang_Mai dbr:Philadelphia dbr:Gold_Coast,_Queensland dbr:China dbr:Naha dbr:Osaka dbr:South_Korea dbr:Nile dbr:Nara,_Nara dbr:Central_Asia dbr:California dbr:Mecca dbr:Atlantic_Ocean dbr:Sofia dbr:Himalayas dbr:British_Isles dbr:Bali dbr:English_language dbr:Rhine dbr:Cardiff dbr:Buenos_Aires dbr:Korea_Bay dbr:Incheon dbr:Kanji dbr:Scotland dbr:Ciudad_Juárez dbr:Algiers dbr:Kyoto dbr:Colorado_Springs,_Colorado dbr:Andes dbr:Caribbean dbr:Istanbul dbr:Bridgeport dbr:Tumen_River dbr:Jordan_River dbr:Newcastle,_New_South_Wales dbr:Los_Angeles dbr:Chữ_Nôm dbr:Mediterranean_Sea dbr:Phnom_Penh dbr:Arabian_Sea dbr:Chinese_characters dbr:Vienna dbc:Lists_of_exonyms dbr:Mount_Everest dbr:North_Korea dbr:Reykjavík dbr:York dbr:Paris dbr:Hamburg dbr:Broken_Arrow,_Oklahoma dbr:Sacramento dbr:New_South_Wales dbr:Sub-Saharan_Africa dbr:Hạ_Long_Bay dbr:Da_Nang dbr:Simplified_Chinese_characters dbr:Saint-Lô dbr:Medan dbr:Auckland dbr:Gold_Mountain_(Chinese_name_for_part_of_North_America) dbr:Munich dbr:Manama dbr:Lisbon dbr:Palembang dbr:Singkawang dbr:Baltic_states dbr:False_cognate dbr:Manila dbr:Pyeongchang_County dbr:Teochew_dialect dbr:Solvang dbr:San_Jose,_California dbr:Canberra dbr:Warsaw dbr:England dbr:Cognate dbr:Melbourne dbr:Westminster_Abbey dbr:Yellowstone_National_Park dbr:Fort-de-France dbr:Korean_language dbr:Dhaka dbr:Bandar_Seri_Begawan dbr:Honolulu dbr:Dublin dbr:Chiang_Rai dbr:Arctic_Ocean dbr:Locke,_California dbr:Seoul dbr:Busan dbr:New_Orleans dbr:Saint_Petersburg dbr:Rocky_Mountains dbr:Stockton,_California dbr:Thimphu dbr:Middle_East dbr:Christchurch dbr:Thousand_Oaks dbr:Fenghuang dbr:West_Palm_Beach dbr:Little_Rock dbr:Orange_County,_California dbr:Black_Sea dbr:Singapore dbr:London_Heathrow_Airport dbr:Frankfurt dbr:St._Louis dbr:Kathmandu dbr:Paektu_Mountain dbr:Haiphong dbr:Liaison_(French) dbr:Sihanoukville_(city) dbr:Traditional_Chinese_characters dbr:Berlin dbr:Colombo dbr:Sandalwood
owl:sameAs
wikidata:Q48055778 n10:4TVDw freebase:m.0h_dfy0
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
dbt:Flag dbt:Reflist dbt:More_citations_needed dbt:Exonyms_per_language dbt:Historical_Chinese_exonyms
dbo:abstract
When a foreign place name, or toponym, occurs in Chinese text, the problem arises of spelling it in Chinese characters, given the limited phonetics and restrictive phonology of Mandarin Chinese (making it very difficult to transcribe loanwords), and the possible meaning of those characters when treated as Chinese words. For example: * "London Heathrow Airport" is usually rendered in Chinese characters as 伦敦希斯路机场 (Lúndūn Xīsīlù Jīchǎng), with the English pronunciation of 'London' being fairly accurate, and of 'Heathrow' being less accurate: in Chinese the translation of each character literally means "kinship, honest" (for London, 伦敦), "hope, given/this, road" (for Heathrow, 希斯路), "aircraft, field" (机场), with the last syllable of "Heathrow" rendered as "lu" although the more accurate "lo" and "lou" are known Chinese words. The reason for this strange transcription for "Heathrow" is because the name of the airport was introduced to the Chinese language through Cantonese, in which the loanword is pronounced Hei1 Si1 Lo4, which is actually more accurate to the English pronunciation of the name. However, when this word was adopted into Mandarin, the Chinese characters to write "Heathrow" were used without any regards to pronunciation, in which the Mandarin and Cantonese pronunciations of the same Chinese character can often be drastically different from one another. Sometimes, the endonym or the English exonym of a place can be literally translated in Chinese characters, such as "Salt Lake City" or the "Dead Sea", which are translated into Chinese as 盐湖城 (Yánhú Chéng) and 死海 (Sǐhǎi), which mean "salt-lake-city" and "dead-sea" respectively. More often than not, however, characters are chosen simply because their syllables sound somewhat similar to the syllables of the endonym or the English exonym, regardless of the meaning of the individual characters. Examples include Dublin and Yemen, which are written in Chinese as 都柏林 (Dūbólín, which literally translates as "all-cypress-forest") and 也门 (Yěmén, which literally translates as "also-door") respectively. In both Chinese exonyms, the connection between the meanings of the Chinese characters and their respective places is not particularly obvious, so it is safe to assume these exonyms are transcriptions. Historically, the characters chosen to represent the sounds have sometimes been chosen to be intended as derogatory (see graphic pejoratives in written Chinese), although many of these have been replaced with homophones with neutral or positive connotations. There are other exonyms that are a combination of translation and transcription (meaning and sound) of the endonym. For example, New Zealand is written as 新西兰 (Xīnxīlán), in which the first character 新 (xīn) literally means "new" and the final two characters 西兰 (Xīlán) is a transcription of "Zealand". Likewise, America is written as 美国 (Měiguó), which is a combination of 美 (měi), one of the characters in another exonym 阿美利哥 (Āměilìgē), and 国 (guó), the translation for the word "country". The full name of the United States in Chinese, “美利坚合众国” (Meilijianhezhongguo), which is very rarely used in China, roughly translates to the "United States of America" and is not an exonym, as the official Chinese word for the nation of the United States is different for the Chinese word for the continent of America. Acronyms including the character 国 (guó) is common among exonyms. Names of foreign nations are sometimes shortened to their first character when used in compounds. For example, the name for Russia in Chinese is 俄罗斯 (Éluósī), but the name of the Russian language is 俄语 (Éyǔ), anything Russian-style is 俄式 (Éshì), and the Russian military is 俄军 (Éjūn). However, some Chinese exonyms exist which are not immediately obvious because they are neither translations nor transcriptions, such as 旧金山 (Jiùjīnshān, which literally means "Old Gold Mountain") and 新金山 (Xīnjīnshān, which literally means "New Gold Mountain") for San Francisco and Melbourne respectively. These exonyms exist because they have a special history among Chinese people worldwide for one reason or another. For Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese names, the Chinese exonym is often the Chinese pronunciation of the Korean hanja, Japanese kanji, or ancient Vietnamese Chữ Nôm writing of the toponym. In some cases, especially in Japan, the Chinese pronunciation may be completely unlike the native-language pronunciation. However, if the country's or city's endonym is not internationally well-known, Chinese will often transcribe the endoynym or English name into Chinese characters. Countries had been founded or had gained independence after 1949 (the year Kuomintang had exiled to Taiwan after losing to the Communist Party) often have different exonyms used in mainland China (PRC) and Taiwan (ROC) due to differences in official standards resulting from the split in government. Exonyms used in mainland China are written in simplified Chinese on this page, and exonyms used in Taiwan are written in traditional Chinese. The exception to this are exonyms for Japanese and Korean place names, which will be written in traditional Chinese. The exonyms below are all in Mandarin Chinese.
prov:wasDerivedFrom
wikipedia-en:Chinese_exonyms?oldid=1121699043&ns=0
dbo:wikiPageLength
50923
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
wikipedia-en:Chinese_exonyms